113.1. Any of the following causes are impediments from knowing the issues, independently of the contents in the local laws:

a) To be related in a direct line without limitation as to the degree, to be related by cosanguinity up to the fourth degree and to be related by af f nity up to the second degree, to any of the stakeholders, their representatives, employers or defenders.

b) To have an intimate friendship or demonstrated enmity with any of the persons referred to in the previous subparagraph;

c) To have a personal interest in the matter, or that his spouse or relatives, in the degrees expressed in subparagraph a) of this article, have an interest in it;

d) That the public servant, his spouse or relatives, in the degrees expressed in subparagraph a) of this article, have presented a complaint or report against any of the stakeholders;

e) That the public servant, his spouse or relatives, in the degrees expressed in subparagraph a) of this article, have a trial pending against any of the stakeholders or that less than a year had passed since the date of the end of the case on the date in which they were informed of the issue;

f) That the public servant, his spouse or relatives, in the degrees expressed in the same subparagraph a), have been tried based on a complaint or report presented before the authorities by any of the stakeholders, their representatives, employers or defenders;

g) To have the resolution of a case he f led as a private person pending, that is similar to that submitted for his knowledge, or that of his spouse or relatives in the degrees expressed in subparagraph a) have such a case pending;

h) To have a personal interest in cases where any of the stakeholders are judges, arbiters or arbitrators;

i) To attend, during the handling of the case, a banquet given or f nanced by any of the stakeholders, or to have great familiarity or to live as a family with any of them;

j) To accept gifts or services from any of the stakeholders;

k) To make promises which imply partiality in favor of or against any of the stakeholders, their representatives, employers or defenders, or to threaten any of them in any way;

l) To be creditor, debtor, landlord or tenant, dependent or boss of any of the stakeholders;

m) To be or to have been the guardian or curator of any of the stakeholders or administrator of their assets for any reason;

n) To be heir, bene f ciary, donee or guarantor or any of the stakeholders, if the public servant has accepted the inheritance or the bequest or has made any demonstration to this effect;

ñ) That the spouse or child of the public servant is creditor, debtor or guarantor of any of the stakeholders;

o) To have been judge or justice for the same case in another instance;

p) To have been an agent of the Public Ministry, juror, expert, witness, representative, employer or defender in the case in question, or to have managed or recommended the case previously in favor of or against any of the stakeholders, and

q) Any other akin to the previous.