As pointed out in the Report (par. 152) “[t]he main historical justification for having rules on parliamentary inviolability is to protect the workings of parliament as an institution from undue pressure from the executive (the King), including pressure from the public prosecutor, as a part of the executive power. This justification also extends to protecting the parliamentary opposition, usually in a minority, against undue pressure from the ruling majority. It furthermore protects members of parliament from political harassment from other parties, for example in the form of unsubstantiated criminal complaints from political opponents.” On this basis “The Venice Commission notes that in most modern European democracies these justifications for parliamentary inviolability do not appear to be unproblematic.”