The mandate and the issue of its (non-) limitation were, and still are a challenge not only for the theory of representation, but also for contemporary democratic practice. There is no single theory of representation. Different theories are based on particular ideologies and create several models of representation (trusteeship model, delegate model, mandate model and resemblance model). The trusteeship model is based on Edmund Burke’s notion of representation. For Burke, representation is a moral duty: those with education and understanding should act in the interests of those who are less fortunate. Once elected, representatives should act independently on the grounds that the electors do not know their best interests. A similar view was expressed by J. S. Mill. His assumption was that, although all individuals have a right to be represented, not all political opinions are of equal value. He proposed a system of plural voting in which four or five votes would be given to holders of learned diplomas and degrees, two or three to managerial workers, and a single vote to ordinary workers. The delegate model is inspired by Thomas Paine, who believes that politicians are bound by the instructions they receive from those they represent and that there is a need for regular contact between representatives and their constituents through regular elections and short mandates. Supporters of the “delegate model” are in favour of recall as well as of people’s initiatives and referendums for more control over politicians. The mandate model is based on the idea that a party gains a popular mandate that authorises it to carry out whatever programmes it supported during the election campaign. The resemblance model suggests that only those who come from a particular group can represent it and its interests.