In each of the three examples, the pattern in the results might signal electoral malpractice. If in some parts of the country–e.g., the periphery–voters are coerced to vote, and to vote for one particular candidate or party, then the affected polling stations will show high turnout and strong support for that candidate or party. The same pattern emerges if election officials in some polling stations engage in “ballot-box stuffing”, adding ballots for their favourite candidate to the ballot boxes. Peculiar patterns of numbers, where some digits are present unnaturally often, might indicate that tallies have been massaged.