Klimek et al. (2012) propose a statistical approach to electoral irregularity detection that rests on inspecting the joint distributions of turnout and incumbent’s (or winner’s) shares, rather than the distribution of numerical results. In this approach, the observed joint distribution is inspected for the presence of two components: one containing accurate results and one in which both the turnout and the incumbent’s share are considerably higher than elsewhere, which could be caused by malfeasance, such as ballot stuffing, or other irregularities. A related approach has been proposed by Rozenas (2017). His approach rests on inspecting the distribution of incumbent’s (or winner’s) share to identify whether some reported shares (such as 0.5, 0.6, or 0.75) are anomalously frequent.