As already stated in the Joint Report, the challenge of simultaneously protecting freedom of speech, commercial rights and electoral equality without affecting other human rights require the recognition of: (1) the transnational nature of the problem; (2) the essential role played by the gatekeepers of information highways; and (3) the need to strengthen the international legal framework “in order to establish more efficient mechanisms of transnational cooperation among nations and private actors, and, if possible, to procure a greater uniformity among national legislations”. Furthermore, States and private actors must work on regulatory models based on the co-responsibility of them both, and on the promotion of self-regulation “like the mandatory adoption of ethics and corporate social responsibility codes, among internet service providers, and search-engine and social media companies.” This is essential to ensure the rights to equality of opportunity and freedom of voters to form an opinion, the respect of which is essential to the holding of elections in conformity with international standards.