The previous developments show that the issue of citizens residing de facto abroad is quite complex: it cannot be isolated from other aspects of electoral law and practice and it is interrelated with areas outside the electoral process, such as accuracy of the population registry, as well as fiscal and social security legislation, which may include incentives or disincentives to deregistration from in-country lists. General measures ensuring at the same time the inclusiveness and the security of the vote appear as the most appropriate to tackle with this issue.