As for the distribution of public funding, “strict” or “proportional” equality should be applied (CDL-AD(2002)023rev2-cor, I.2.3 and Expl. Report para 111). In practice, it is rather uncommon that all public funding is distributed in equal shares to all those political parties participating in elections. If strict equality is applied, it is usually not related to all competing parties, nor to the total amount of public funding. In most cases, the total (or large parts) of public funding is distributed proportionally to seats and/or votes received by parties in previous elections or ex post on the basis of the current election results.