“Today, one of the most important and recurrent challenges observed in Europe and beyond, is the misuse of administrative resources, also called public resources, during electoral processes. This practice is an established and widespread phenomenon in many European countries, including countries with a long-standing tradition of democratic elections” (CDL-AD(2016)04, para 4). As part of an established political culture, actually in many countries, incumbents and civil servants consider the practice of using administrative resources often as a normal part of an electoral process, and not as illegitimate action vis-à-vis opponents in elections (for local elections see also: CG31(2016)07, CG 32(2017)12).