In federal and regional states, if national law allows local or regional referendums, the rules governing such referendums are often laid down at the level of the entities. In Austria¸ this institution is mentioned in the constitutions of the nine Länder; in Russia, many local and regional entities have introduced regulations relating to referendums; in Switzerland, the federal constitution simply makes provision for cantonal constitutional referendums, leaving it up to the cantons to define the institution of the referendum. In Italy, the constitution allows the regions’ Statutes (basic laws) to make provision for referendums on regional legislative acts and administrative decisions; the Statutes also make provision for local referendums. Regional implementing provisions also exist in Spain.