According to Article 24.1, public opinion research is considered to be a referendum campaign activity. However, where such research is not aimed at targeting voters’ groups but just at making opinion polls (for their publication or scientific research), such activities are not aimed at the result of the referendum and should not be considered to be a referendum campaign activity. Organisers of this activity should not be obliged to follow the rules on campaign financing and reporting. More generally, this provision should not be interpreted too broadly. It should not be extended to any position taken or debate organised by any individual or group on the issue submitted to referendum. The Venice Commission recommends reconsidering the relevant provision.