The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime ETS 185 of 2001 (“Budapest Convention”) addresses two types of threats to electoral democracy. Firstly, attacks against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of election computers and data, which represent forms of cybercrime such as illegal access to computer systems (Article 2), illegal interception (Article 3), data and system interference (Articles 4 and 5) and others. Secondly, dis-information operations where rules on the protection of personal data, on political finances, on media coverage or on the broadcasting of elections, that is, rules to ensure free, fair and clean elections, are violated.