Under the ECHR, as highlighted by the Court, through the internet, “[d]efamatory and other types of clearly unlawful speech, including hate speech and speech inciting violence, can be disseminated like never before, worldwide, in a matter of seconds, and sometimes remain persistently available online”. In light of this, the Court has recognised that imposing liability for defamatory or unlawful speech online is an effective remedy. Regulation of information and communication online has to be adjusted according to the technology’s specific features in order to secure the protection and promotion of the rights and freedoms concerned. An online publication’s influence depends on its actual reach. Sharing hate speech within an online group (even a relatively small one) of like-minded persons may justify criminal sanctions, as it can have the effect of reinforcing and radicalising their ideas without being exposed to any critical discussion or different views.