The recommendation of the Committee of Ministers on the role and responsibilities of internet intermediaries imposes on the latter responsibilities with respect to human rights and fundamental freedoms, and in particular transparency and accountability. More specifically, acknowledging the risks that social networks and new online propaganda techniques pose to democracy, the Committee of Ministers adopted in 2022 the Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers to member States on electoral communication and media coverage of election campaigns. This Recommendation addresses the challenges to fairness and legitimacy in electoral processes stemming from new forms of political communication, including the risk of “abusive use of personal data and techniques of microtargeting, use of opaque techniques and the inappropriate use of bots and algorithms to distribute information”. Their objective is to safeguard principles of transparency and fairness in electoral competition. For example, they recommend requiring clear identification of online propaganda, transparency in the financing of political advertisements, and the archiving of political ads disseminated on social media. A key point is the call for safeguards against the intentional spread of electoral disinformation, while ensuring that any content restrictions remain transparent, proportionate, and non-discriminatory. This entails that States, in cooperation with digital platforms and civil society (a co-regulatory approach), develop mechanisms to detect and curb coordinated disinformation campaigns, for instance, fabricated or manipulated content intended to unduly influence voters without resorting to arbitrary censorship. The Recommendation also stresses the need for citizens to be informed when they are the target of personalised online political advertising and to be given the option to opt out.