The adoption of legislation directly aimed to combat disinformation in elections can be illustrated by France, which, enacted in 2018 a law against information manipulation during electoral periods, allowing a judge to quickly block the massive dissemination of manifestly false news deliberately originating abroad. Germany requires digital platforms to remove illegal content, including hate speech, within short deadlines under the NetzDG (Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz, Network Enforcement Act).