[State and Regional Legislative Power]
(1) Legislative power belongs to the state and the regions in accordance with the constitution and within the limits set by european union law and international obligations.
(2) The state has exclusive legislative power in the following matters:
a) foreign policy and international relations of the state; relations of the state with the european union; right of asylum and legal status of the citizens of states not belonging to the european union;
b) immigration;
c) relations between the republic and religious denominations;
d) defense and armed forces; state security; weapons, ammunitions and explosives;
e) money, protection of savings, financial markets; protection of competition; currency system; state taxation system and accounting; equalization of regional financial resources;
f) state organs and their electoral laws; state referenda; election of the european parliament;
g) organization and administration of the state and of national public bodies;
h) law, order and security, aside from the local administrative police;
i) citizenship, registry of personal status and registry of residence;
l) jurisdiction and procedural laws; civil and criminal law; administrative tribunals;
m) determination of the basic standards of welfare related to those civil and social rights that must be guaranteed in the entire national territory;
n) general rules on education;
o) social security;
p) electoral legislation, local government and fundamental functions of municipalities, provinces and metropolitan cities;
q) customs, protection of national boundaries and international prophylactic measures;
r) weights, units of measurement and time standards; coordination of the informative, statistical and information-technology aspects of the data of the state, regional and local administrations; intellectual property;
s) protection of the environment, of the ecosystem and of the cultural heritage.
(3) The following matters are subject to concurrent legislation of both the state and regions: international and european union relations of the regions; foreign trade; protection and safety of labor; education, without infringement of the autonomy of schools and other institutions, and with the exception of vocational training; professions; scientific and technological research and support for innovation in the productive sectors; health protection; food; sports regulations; disaster relief service; land-use regulation and planning; harbors and civil airports; major transportation and navigation networks; regulation of media and communication; production, transportation and national distribution of energy; complementary and integrative pensions systems; harmonization of the budgetary rules of the public sector and coordination of the public finance and the taxation system; promotion of the environmental and cultural heritage, and promotion and organization of cultural activities; savings banks, rural co-operative banks, regional banks; regional institutions for credit to agriculture and land development.
In matters of concurrent legislation, the regions have legislative power except for fundamental principles which are reserved to state law.
(4) The regions have exclusive legislative power with respect to any matters not expressly reserved to state law.
(5) Regarding the matters that lie within their field of competence, the regions and the autonomous provinces of Trento and Bolzano participate in any decisions about the formation of community law. The regions and autonomous provinces also provide for the implementation and execution of international obligations and of the acts of the european union in observance of procedures set by state law. state law establishes procedures for the state to act in substitution of the regions whenever those should fail to fulfill their responsibilities in this respect.
(6) The power to issue by-laws is vested in the state regarding all matters where it has exclusive legislative power, insofar as it does not devolve such power to the regions. The power to issue by-laws is vested in the regions in any other matters. Municipalities, provinces and metropolitan cities have regulatory power with respect to the organization and the fulfillment of the functions assigned to them.
(7) Regional laws have to remove all obstacles which prevent the full equality of men and women in social, cultural, and economic life, and promote equal access of men and women to elective offices.
(8) Regional laws has to ratify agreements reached by a region with another region aimed at the better exercise of their functions, including the establishment of joint institutions.
(9) Within its field of competence the region may establish agreements with foreign states and understandings with territorial entities that belong to a foreign state, in the cases and forms provided for by state law.
