XII. Complaints and appeals
Articles 172 and 174-176: Fines, although of an administrative nature, may have such a material or immaterial impact on the person concerned, that they may fall under "criminal charge" in the sense of Article 6 of the ECHR and require the possibility of appeal to an independent court.29 From Article 174, paragraph 3, it follows that an appeal is provided for. However, the competent court is not specified. |