A person who, in relation to a Dáil election, directly or indirectly makes use of or threatens to make use of any force, violence or restraint against or inflicts or causes or threatens to inflict or cause any temporal or spiritual injury or loss on or to any person, or attempts by abduction, duress, or fraud—

(a) to induce or compel any person to vote or refrain from voting, or to vote or refrain from voting for a particular person or in a particular way, or
(b) to induce or compel any person to withdraw, or to refrain from withdrawing, from being a candidate, or
(c) to induce or compel any person to be a candidate or to impede or prevent any person from being a candidate, or
(d) to impede or prevent the free exercise of the franchise by any Dáil elector,

shall be guilty of an offence.