Under Article 3 of the draft law, the right to take part in setting up political parties and to become members of them is guaranteed for Tunisian citizens alone. This restriction was already inherent in the definition of political party in Legislative Decree no. 2011-87 and is also to be found in Articles 10 and 21 of the draft law on the establishment of political parties and membership of them. As it has already indicated in this connection, the Venice Commission believes in principle that “general exclusion of foreign citizens and stateless persons from membership in political parties is not justified”; it has also stated that “at the very least, the country of residence should make membership in political parties possible” for persons who can take part in elections; however, in Tunisia, only Tunisian citizens are allowed to vote (see Article 5 of the Electoral Law). With all due respect for Tunisia’s legitimate choice here, consideration could nevertheless be given to rethinking this approach in future, “as non-citizens may have an interest in participating in the political life of a country, especially if they have lived there for some time”.