In this regard, a distinction has to be made between exceptions and restrictions to the application of the principle of equal voting power. Exceptions are made to equal voting power when the allocation of seats does not take into account or takes only partially into account population or the number of registered voters. Restrictions imply that the principle of equal voting powers has to be applied, but that the ratio between the population or the number of voters and the number of seats is not fully proportional. The issue of the representation of minorities, as a way of ensuring real non-discrimination and not as an exception or a restriction to the principle of equality, was already addressed.