Council of Europe - Venice Commission

ALBANIA - Constitution (2016)

Article 64; Article 68;

ALBANIA - Constitution of Albania (2020)

Article 64; Article 68;

AUSTRIA - Extracts of the Costitution (2000)

Article 117; Article 117; Article 23 (a); Article 23 (a); Article 95; Article 95;

BELGIUM - Constitution (2020)

Article 63; Article 68;

BELGIUM - Extracts Constitution (2014)

Article 62; Article 63; Article 67;

BELGIUM - Extracts of the Constitution (2001)

Article 62; Article 63;

DENMARK- Extracts of the Constitution (1953)

Article 31;

FINLAND - Constitution (2018)

Section 25;

FRANCE - Extracts of the Constitution (1995)

Article 25;

GREECE- Extracts of the Constitution (1975)

Article 54;

ICELAND - Constitution (1999)

Article 31;

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (2024)

Article 48; Article 56; Article 57;

LATVIA - Constitution (2019)

Article 7;

NORWAY - Constitution (2023)

Article 56; Article 57; Article 58; Article 59; Article 63;

NORWAY - Constitution (2016)

Article 58; Article 59; Article 63;

SWEDEN - Extracts of the Constitution (2018)

Article 5; Article 6;

SWITZERLAND - Constitution (2020)

Article 149;

SWITZERLAND - Extracts of the Constitution (2005)

Article 43;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (2021)

Article 149; Article 150;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (2015)

Article 149;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2008)

Article 75;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2003)

Article 69; Article 70; Article 71; Article 73; Article 75;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 3;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2002)

Article 120; Article 136; Article 15; Article 16; Article 17;

ARMENIA - Law on Referendum (2001)

Article 15; Article 18;

ARMENIA- Electoral Code (2007)

Article 12; Article 15; Article 16; Article 17; Article 37;

AUSTRIA - Federal Law on the Election of the National Council (National Council Election Regulation 1992 – NRWO) (1992)

Article 3; Article 4; Article 5; Article 52; Article 53;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2003)

Article 29; Article 35;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2019)

Article 29; Article 35; Article 45;

AZERBAIJAN - Law on Local Elections (1999)

Article 19;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2000)

Article 127; Article 137; Article 15; Article 155; Article 16; Article 40; Article 41; Article 42; Article 65; Article 82; Article 95; Article 96;

BiH – Election Law last (amended 2024) (2001)

*Article 10 (12); 9 (6); 9 (7); Article 1 (1.a); Article 10 (1); Article 10 (2); Article 10 (2); Article 10 (3); Article 10 (4); Article 10 (5); Article 10 (6); Article 10 (7); Article 10 (8); Article 10 (8.A); Article 10 (9); Article 10 (10); Article 10 (11); Article 10 (14); Article 10 (15); Article 10 (16); Article 11 (1); Article 11 (2); Article 11 (3); Article 11 (4); Article 11 (5); Article 11 (6); Article 11 (7); Article 11 (8); Article 11 (8.A); Article 11 (9); Article 11 (10); Article 11 (11); Article 11 (12); Article 11 (13); Article 11 (14); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3); Article 13 (1); Article 13 (2); Article 13 (3); Article 13 (5); Article 13 (6); Article 13 (7); Article 13 (10); Article 18 (1); Article 18 (2); Article 18 (3); Article 19 (2); Article 19 (5); Article 19 (6); Article 19 (7); Article 20 (9); Article 20 (12.b); Article 20 (13); Article 8 (1); Article 9 (1); Article 9 (2); Article 9 (2.a); Article 9 (4); Article 9 (5); Article 9 (7.a); Article 9 (8); Article 9 (9); Article 9 (10); Article 9 (11);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (1a); Article 10 (1); Article 10 (2); Article 10 (3²); Article 10 (4); Article 10 (5); Article 10 (6); Article 10 (7); Article 10 (8); Article 10 (8A); Article 10 (9); Article 10 (10); Article 10 (11); Article 10 (12); Article 10 (14); Article 10 (15); Article 10 (16); Article 11 (1); Article 11 (2); Article 11 (3³); Article 11 (4); Article 11 (5); Article 11 (6); Article 11 (7); Article 11 (8); Article 11 (9); Article 11 (10); Article 11 (11); Article 11 (12); Article 11 (13); Article 11 (14); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3); Article 13 (1); Article 13 (2 ); Article 13 (6); Article 13 (7); Article 13 (10); Article 18 (1); Article 18 (2); Article 18 (2); Article 18 (3); Article 19 (2); Article 19 (5); Article 19 (6); Article 19 (7); Article 20 (13); Article 20 (9); Article 20 (12b); Article 8 (1); Article 9 (1); Article 9 (2); Article 9 (2a); Article 9 (4); Article 9 (5); Article 9 (6); Article 9 (7); Article 9 (7a); Article 9 (8); Article 9 (9); Article 9 (10); Article 9 (11);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law of the Brcko District (2003)

Article 1.6 (.6);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINIA - Election Law (2001)

Article 10.09 (.09); Article 11.09 (.09); Article 11.09 (.09); Article 9.12 (.12);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2018)

*Article 10 (12); *Article 19 (4); *Article 20 (16A); Article 1 (1a); Article 10 (1); Article 10 (2); Article 10 (3); Article 10 (4); Article 10 (5); Article 10 (6); Article 10 (7); Article 10 (8); Article 10 (8a); Article 10 (9); Article 10 (10); Article 10 (11); Article 10 (13); Article 10 (14); Article 10 (15); Article 10 (16); Article 10 (17); Article 10 (18); Article 11 (1); Article 11 (2); Article 11 (3); Article 11 (4); Article 11 (5); Article 11 (6); Article 11 (7); Article 11 (8); Article 11 (8a); Article 11 (9); Article 11 (10); Article 11 (11); Article 11 (13); Article 11 (13); Article 11 (14); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3); Article 13 (1); Article 13 (5); Article 13 (6); Article 13 (7); Article 13 (10); Article 18 (1); Article 18 (2); Article 18 (3); Article 19 (6); Article 19 (6); Article 19 (7); Article 20 (9); Article 20 (12b); Article 20 (13); Article 8 (1); Article 9 (1); Article 9 (2); Article 9 (2a); Article 9 (4); Article 9 (5); Article 9 (6); Article 9 (7); Article 9 (7a); Article 9 (8); Article 9 (9); Article 9 (10); Article 9 (11);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (1a); Article 10 (1); Article 10 (2); Article 10 (3 ); Article 10 (4); Article 10 (5); Article 10 (6); Article 10 (8 ); Article 10 (8A); Article 10 (9 ); Article 10 (10 ); Article 10 (11); Article 10 (12); Article 10 (13); Article 10 (15); Article 10 (16 ); Article 10 (17 ); Article 10 (18 ); Article 11 (1); Article 11 (2 ); Article 11 (3 ); Article 11 (5); Article 11 (6); Article 11 (7 ); Article 11 (8 ); Article 11 (8A); Article 11 (9 ); Article 11 (10 ); Article 11 (11); Article 11 (12); Article 11 (13); Article 11 (14); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3 ); Article 13 (1); Article 13 (5 ); Article 13 (6 ); Article 13 (7 ); Article 13 (10 ); Article 13 (2); Article 13 (3); Article 13.1; Article 18 (1 ); Article 18 (2); Article 18 (3 ); Article 19 (4 ); Article 19 (4 ); Article 19 (5); Article 19 (6 ); Article 19 (7 ); Article 20 (9 ); Article 20 (12b); Article 20 (13); Article 20 (16A); Article 8 (1); Article 9 (1 ); Article 9 (2 ); Article 9 (2a ); Article 9 (4); Article 9 (5); Article 9 (6); Article 9 (7 ); Article 9 (7a); Article 9 (8); Article 9 (9); Article 9 (10 ); Article 9 (11);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

*Article 10 (12); Article 1 (1a); Article 10 (1); Article 10 (2); Article 10 (3); Article 10 (4); Article 10 (5); Article 10 (6); Article 10 (7); Article 10 (8); Article 10 (8A); Article 10 (9); Article 10 (10); Article 10 (11); Article 10 (14); Article 10 (15); Article 11 (1); Article 11 (2); Article 11 (33); Article 11 (4); Article 11 (5); Article 11 (6); Article 11 (7); Article 11 (8); Article 11 (8A); Article 11 (9); Article 11 (10); Article 11 (11); Article 11 (12); Article 11 (13); Article 11 (14); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3); Article 13 (5); Article 13 (6); Article 13 (10); Article 18 (1); Article 18 (2); Article 18 (3); Article 19 (5); Article 19 (6); Article 19 (7); Article 20 (9); Article 20 (12.b); Article 20 (13); Article 8 (1); Article 9 (1); Article 9 (2); Article 9 (2a); Article 9 (4); Article 9 (5); Article 9 (6); Article 9 (7); Article 9 (7a); Article 9 (8); Article 9 (9); Article 9 (10); Article 9 (11);

BULGARIA - Election Code (2019)

Article 246; Article 247; Article 248; Article 249; Article 250; Article 313; Article 356; Article 399; Article 401; Article 404; Article 412; Article 416;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2020)

Article 246; Article 247; Article 248; Article 249; Article 250; Article 313; Article 356; Article 399; Article 401; Article 404; Article 412; Article 416;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 246; Article 247; Article 248; Article 249; Article 250; Article 313; Article 356; Article 399; Article 401; Article 404; Article 412; Article 416; Article 7;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2014)

Article 246 ; Article 247; Article 248 ; Article 249 ; Article 250 ; Article 313; Article 404; Article 405; Article 7;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2023)

Article 246; Article 247; Article 248; Article 249; Article 250; Article 313; Article 404; Article 405; Article 7 ;

BULGARIA- Presidential Elections Act (1991)

Article 11a (a);

CANADA - Canada Elections Act (2023)

Paragraph 539; Paragraph 539 (1);

CANADA - Elections Act (2019)

Article 40; Article 538; Article 539; Article 539 (1);

CROATIA - Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (1999)

Article 83;

CROATIA - Parliamentary Elections Act (2015)

Article 4;

CZECH REPUBLIC- Act on Elections to the Parliament and on Amendments of Certain Other Acts (1995)

Article 26; Article 27; Article 3; Article 59;

DENMARK - Local and Regional Government Elections Act (2024)

Section 14 ; Section 63; Section 64; Section 65;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2019)

10; 7; 8; 9;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2020)

10; 7; 8; 9;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2024)

Section 10; Section 7; Section 8; Section 9;

DENMARK- Folketing (Parliamentary) Election Act (1987)

Article 8; Article 9;

DENMARK- Parliamentary Election Act (2009)

Article 10; Article 7; Article 77; Article 8; Article 80; Article 9;

ESTONIA - Parliamentary Election Act (2002)

Article 6; Article 7;

ESTONIA - Referendum Act (2002)

Article 11; Article 66;

ESTONIA – Local Government Council Election Act (1999)

Article 10; Article 9;

FINLAND - Election Act (2013)

Article 106; Article 5; Article 6; Article 7; Article 8;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 137; Article 14; Article 156; Article 166; Article 18; Article 23;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2016)

Article 110; Article 110 (1); Article 137; Article 14; Article 156; Article 166; Article 18; Article 23;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2018)

Article 110; Article 110 (1); Article 137; Article 14; Article 156 ; Article 166; Article 18; Article 23;

GERMANY - Federal Elections Act (2013)

Section 2; Section 3; Section 52;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Law (1999)

Article 1; Article 2; Article 3;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (1994)

Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 34;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (2017)

Section 12; Section 13; Section 34;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations as of 2020 (2020)

Section 12 ; Section 13 ; Section 34;

GERMANY – Federal Elections Act (amended March 2024) (1993)

Section 2; Section 3;

GERMANY – Federal Electoral Regulations (2002)

Section 12; Section 13; Section 34;

HUNGARY - Act C on Electoral Procedure (1997)

Article 101; Article 102; Article 105; Article 88; Article 9;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII of 2011 on the election of the Members of the National Assembly (2025)

Section 21 ; Section 4;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII of 2011 On the Elections of Members of Parliament (2011)

Section 10; Section 7; Section 8; Section 9;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII on the Election of Members of the National Assembly (2021)

Section 21 ; Section 4 ;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2018)

Section 2; Section 3;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2013)

Section 2; Section 3;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Local Government Representatives and Mayors (2024)

Section 15 ; Section 16; Section 17 ; Section 18; Section 18 (A); Section 19; Section 21 (A); Section 21 (B); Section 4; Section 5; Section 6; Section 7 ;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Municipal Representatives and Mayors (2010)

Section 16.; Section 15; Section 17; Section 18; Section 18 (A); Section 19; Section 21 (A); Section 21 (B); Section 4; Section 5; Section 6; Section 7;

HUNGARY - Act No XXXIV of 1989 on the Election of Members of Parliament (1989)

Article 3; Article 50; Article 52; Article 8; Article 9;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (2024)

Section 3; Section 306 (A); Section 306 (C); Section 306 (D); Section 307;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

Section 3; Section 306 (A); Section 306 (C); Section 306 (D); Section 307 ;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2018)

Annex 1; Annex 3; Section 306 (A); Section 306 (B); Section 306 (C); Section 306 (D); Section 307; Section 307 (A); Section 307 (B); Section 307 (Q); Section 312; Section 351; Section 77; Section 79; Section 80;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2013)

Annex 1; Annex 3; Section 246; Section 250; Section 306 (A); Section 306 (B); Section 306 (C); Section 306 (D); Section 307; Section 307 (A); Section 307 (B); Section 307 (Q); Section 312; Section 351; Section 77; Section 79; Section 80;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI on Election Procedure (2021)

Section 306 (A); Section 306 (C); Section 306 (D); Section 307;

HUNGARY – Act L of 2010 on the election of local government representatives and mayors (2025)

Section 15 ; Section 16; Section 17 ; Section 18; Section 18 (A); Section 19; Section 21 (A); Section 21 (B); Section 4; Section 5 ; Section 6; Section 7 ;

HUNGARY- Act LXIV on the Election of Local Municipal Government Representatives and Mayors (1990)

Article 54; Article 8;

ICELAND - Act No. 24 Concerning Parliamentary Elections to the Althing (2008)

Article 19; Article 6; Article 7 ; Article 8 ; Article 9;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2021)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 7; Article 8; Article 9;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2023)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 7; Article 8 ; Article 9;

IRELAND - Electoral Act (2016)

Article 28; Article 30;

IRELAND - Presidential Elections Act (1993)

Article 12;

KAZAKHSTAN - Constitutional Act On Elections (2011)

Article 116; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23;

KOSOVO - Law No. 003/L-073 on General Elections and Amendments 2010 (2008)

Article 2;

KOSOVO - Law on General Elections in the Republic of Kosovo (2023)

Article 4;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Electoral Code (2004)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 19; Article 20; Article 70; Article 82;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Law on Election Commissions to Conduct Elections and Referenda (2015)

Article 11; Article 20; Article 7;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections (2015)

Article 13;

LATVIA - Law on City, District, County and Pagasts Election Commissions and Polling Station Commissions (2002)

Article 26;

LATVIA - Law on the Election of Local Government Councils (2020)

Section 2;

LATVIA - Saeima Election Law (2022)

Section 3. ; Section 7. ; Section 8. ;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (1998)

Article 7; Article 8;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (1995)

Article 3; Article 7; Article 8;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (2019)

Article 3; Article 7; Article 8;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (2014)

Article 44; Article 7; Article 8;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2012)

Article 9;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2016)

Article 10; Article 72; Article 78; Article 9;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2018)

Article 10; Article 3; Article 36; Article 9;

MALTA - European Parliament Elections Act (2023)

Article 8;

MALTA - General Elections Act (2023)

Article 16 ; Article 17 ; Article 31; Article 77;

MALTA - General Elections Act (2012)

Article 33; Article 54;

MALTA - Referenda Act (2023)

Article 11; Article 2; Article 6; SECOND SCHEDULE;

MALTA- General Elections Act (1996)

Article 16;

MEXICO - General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures of Mexico (2014)

Article 147;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2019)

Article 10; Article 108; Article 131; Article 142; Article 174; Article 197; Article 205; Article 28; Article 31; Article 47; Article 59; Article 80;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

MOLDOVA – Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

Article 1; Article 123; Article 124; Article 125; Article 126; Article 172; Article 69;

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 120; Article 158; Article 187; Article 26; Article 27; Article 74;

MOLDOVA- Law on the Election of the President (1996)

Article 11;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 12; Article 48 (a);

MONTENEGRO - Law on Voter Register (2023)

Article 4; Article 5; Article 8;

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 12; Article 48;

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (1989)

Article 2E.1 (E.1);

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (2013)

Section E1; Section H10a; Section H11; Section H2; Section I14; Section J2; Section O3; Section O4;

NORTH MACEDONIA - ELECTORAL CODE (2019)

Article 1; Article 174; Article 175; Article 33;

NORWAY - Election Act (2018)

Paragraph 11 (1);

NORWAY - Election Act (2021)

Section 10 (3); Section 11 (1); Section 11 (2); Section 11 (3); Section 11 (4); Section 11 (5); Section 11 (6); Section 11 (7); Section 11 (9); Section 11 (11); Section 13 (3); Section 2 (4); Section 3 (2);

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

Article 17; Article 193; Article 201; Article 202; Article 260; Article 261;

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

Article 15; Article 17; Article 193; Article 201; Article 201; Article 202; Article 260; Article 261;

POLAND - Election Code Amendments (2023)

Article 261;

POLAND - Election of the President (2004)

Article 22; Article 23; Article 24;

POLAND - Parliamentary Election Law (2001)

Article 132; Article 136; Article 137; Article 191;

PORTUGAL - Electoral Law (2015)

Article 11; Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 158; Article 172; Article 21; Article 51; Article 87;

PORTUGAL - Law Governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic (2020)

Article 12; Article 13; Article 14;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

Article 15; Article 16; Article 17; Article 18; Article 5 ;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 1; Article 123; Article 124; Article 125; Article 126; Article 172; Article 69;

ROMANIA - Law for the Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2022)

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 100; Article 11; Article 12; Article 13; Article 18; Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23; Article 24; Article 26; Article 27; Article 28; Article 3; Article 4; Article 49; Article 85;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 103; Article 103 (1); Article 25;

ROMANIA - LAW No. 208 of 20 July 2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2024)

Article 103; Article 103 (1); Article 25;

ROMANIA - Law no. 208/2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2015)

Appendix I; Article 103; Article 4;

ROMANIA - Law no. 33 on the Rules and Regulations on the Elections to the european Parliament (2009)

Article 15; Article 4;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 103; Article 25;

ROMANIA - Law on the Organisation and Conduct of the Elections to the European Parliament (2022)

Article 14;

ROMANIA - Regulations for the 2016 Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2015)

Article 103; Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 49;

ROMANIA- Regulations on The Elections To The Chamber of Deputies and The Senate (2008)

Article 10; Article 18; Article 5; Article 8;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens to Participate in a Referendum (2002)

Article 18; Article 5;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 5;

SAN MARINO - Compilation of Electoral Legislation ()

Article 22; Article 4;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (1993)

Article 12;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (2000)

Article 12;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2011)

Article 7;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2020)

Article 7;

SLOVAKIA - Act of the National Council on Local Elections (1998)

Article 10; Article 10; Article 9; Article 9;

SLOVAKIA - Act on conditions for the exercise of the right to vote (2019)

Article 134 ; Article 166 ; Article 217 ; Article 44; Article 7 ; Article 74 ; Article 8 ;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the Bodies of Self-government Regions and on Amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure (2001)

Article 5; Article 56; Article 6;

SLOVAKIA - Law on Procedure of the Election of the President, on Plebiscite and Removal of the President and on Supplementation of several other Laws (1999)

Article 3; Article 3; Article 33; Article 33;

SLOVENIA - Local Elections Act (2023)

Article 109; Article 117; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23;

SLOVENIA- National Assembly Elections Act (2000)

Article 2; Article 20; Article 21;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

Article 4; Article 5; Article 6;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 1; Article 1; Article 174; Article 175; Article 33;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Local Elections (2004)

Article 8;

TÜRKIYE - Amendments on Electoral Laws (2022)

Article 14 (Law On Basic Provisions Of Elections And Voter Reg);

TÜRKIYE - Law on Parliamentary Elections (2018)

Article 1; Article 4; Article 5;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

Article 10; Article 14; Article 3; Article 4; Article 5;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of Deputies of Local Radas and of Village, Settlement, City Chairmen (1998)

Article 12; Article 5;

UKRAINE - Law on All-Ukrainian and Local Referendums (1991)

Article 23;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 16; Article 84;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2005)

Article 18; Article 20;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the President (2004)

Article 11; Article 19; Article 20; Article 26; Article 90;

UKRAINE - Law on the Central Election Commission (2004)

Article 19;

UNITED KINGDOM - European Parliamentary Elections Act (2002)

Article 1; Article 1.1 (.1); Article 1.2 (.2); Article 3.15.4 (.15.4); Article 8;

ALBANIA - Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 55;

ALBANIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2009)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 16;

ARMENIA - Joint Final Opinion on The Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 3;

ARMENIA - Joint Interim Opinion on the new draft Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 11;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draf Electoral Code (As of 18 April 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38;

AZERBAIJAN - Final Opinion on the amendments to the Election Code (2005)

Paragraph 56;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Amicus Curiae Brief for the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Mode of Election of Delegates to the House of Peoples of the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)

Paragraph ; Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 19 ; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 25 ; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 34 ; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 35 ; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 39 ; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 40 ; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 9;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Amicus Curiae brief for the Constitutional Court on certain provisions of the Election Law, of the constitution of the federation and of the statue of the city of Mostar (2010)

Paragraph 5.B (.B); Paragraph 50;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Joint Opinion on amendments to the Election Law (2008)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 9;

BULGARIA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code (2017)

Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27;

BULGARIA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Election Code (2014)

Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24;

CROATIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Voters Lists (2007)

Paragraph 25; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 65;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Election Code as of 8 January 2016 (2016)

GEORGIA - Joint opinion on draft amendments to the Election Code and the Law on Political Associations of Citizens (2022)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 36;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Election Code and to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia (2023)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 44;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2006)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 59;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18;

GEORGIA - Opinion on Amendments to the Election Code Which Abolish Gender Quotas (2024)

Paragraph 23;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the amendments to the Organic Law Election Code of Georgia, pertaining to local elections (2025)

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Draft Organic Law on: Making amendments and additions into the Organic Law-Election Code of Georgia (2005)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 22;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Draft Revised Constitution (2017)

Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2002)

Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 91;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2004)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17;

GEORGIA – Follow-up Opinion to the Joint Opinion of the Venice Commission and ODIHR on the Draft Amendments to the Election Code and to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament (2024)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29;

GERMANY - Joint Opinion on the Amendments to the Federal Election Act (2023)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37 ; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 38 ; Paragraph 39 ; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 49 ; paragraph 50 ; Paragraph 51 ;

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion of the Act on the Elections of Members of Parliament (2012)

Paragraph 4.31 (.31);

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion on the 2020 Amendments to the Electoral Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 39; Paragraph 54;

HUNGARY – Opinion on act LXXIX of 2024 amending certain laws relating to elections (2025)

Section 12. ; Section 14. ; Section 16.; Section 17. ; Section 19.; Section 20. ; Section 21. ; Section 22. ; Section 23. ; Section 25. ; Section 26. ; Section 27. ; Section 28. ; Section 29. ; Section 30. ; Section 31. ; Section 32. ; Section 33. ; Section 34. ; Section 35. ; Section 36. ; Section 37. ; Section 38. ; Section 39. ; Section 40. ; Section 44.; Section 45.; Section 46. ; Section 47. ; Section 53. ; Section 54. ; Section 55. ; Section 56. ;

Joint Guidelines for Preventing and Responding to the Misuse of Administrative Resources during Electoral Processes (2016)

Paragraph 13;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC- Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Law (2014)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 20;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code and other Related Laws Concerning Ineligibility of Persons Connected to Political Parties Declared Unconstitutional (2023)

Paragraph 21;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Laws on Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2017)

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinión on the Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2018)

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law Amending the Electoral Legislation (2014)

Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 16;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2007)

Paragraph 15;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 85;

MOLDOVA- Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Election Law (2003)

Paragraph 101; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 25;

MONTENEGRO - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of Members of Parliament and Councillors (2020)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22;

Report on Dual Voting For Persons Belonging to National Minorities (2008)

Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 62;

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Paragraph 134; Paragraph 135; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 245; Paragraph 250; Paragraph 252; Paragraph 253; Paragraph 254; Paragraph 255; Paragraph 256; Paragraph 257; Paragraph 260; Paragraph 262; Paragraph 264; Paragraph 265;

Report on Electoral Rules and Affirmative Action for National Minorities´Participation in Decision-Making Process in European Countries (2005)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69;

Report on Proportional Electoral Systems: The Allocation of seats inside the lists (open/closed) lists (2015)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9;

Report on Term-Limits Part II - Members of Parliament- Part III - Representatives elected at Sub-national and Local Level and Executive Officials electred at Sub-national and Local Level (2019)

Paragraph 25;

Report on the Abolition of Restrictions on the right to vote in General Elections (2005)

Paragraph 57;

Report on the Compliance with Council of Europe and other International Standards of the Inclusion of a not Internationally Recognised Territory into a Nationwide Constituency for Parliamentary Elections (2019)

Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 8;

Report on the Identification of Electoral Irregularities by Statistical Methods (2018)

Paragraph 76;

Report on the Identification of Electoral Irregularities by Statistical Methods (2018)

Paragraph 76;

Report on the Impact of Electoral Systems on Women's Representation in Politics (2009)

Paragraph 51;

Report out-of Country Voting (2011)

Paragraph 70; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 94; Paragraph 95;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Opinion on the Law on the Partial Implementation of the Postal Vote (2024)

Paragraph 12; Paragraphe 12;

Revised Interpretative Declaration on the Stability of Electoral Law (2024)

Paragraphe 2;

ROMANIA - Opinion on the Emergency Ordinance regarding the merger of the 2024 elections for the European Parliament and for the local authorities (2025)

Paragraph 36;

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

Paragraph 106; Paragraph 107; Paragraph 134; Paragraph 140; Paragraph 141; Paragraph 48;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code as Amended on 9 November 2015 (2016)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 14;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Revised Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 3D.25 (D.25);

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Legislation and Related "Harmonisation Laws" Adopted in March and April 2018 (2018)

Paragaph 32; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36;

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on the Amendmets to the Electoral Legislation by Law No. 7393 of 31 March 2022 (2022)

Paragraph 33;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law "On Improving the Procedure for Establishing the Impossibility of Holding National and Local Elections, All-Ukranian and Local Referendums in Certain Territories and Polling Stations" (2021)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law No. 3366 about Elections to the Parliament (2009)

Paragraph 17;

UKRAINE - Opinion on the Draft Election Code of the Verkhovna Rada (2010)

Paragraph 3.3 (.3);

UKRAINE- Opinion on the draft Law on election of people's deputies (Draft introducted by people's deputies S. Havrish, Y. Ioffe and H. Dashutin) (2003)

Paragraph 25;

UNITED KINGDOM - Opinion on the Electoral Law (2007)

Paragraph 46;

VENEZUELA - ON THE LEGAL ISSUES RAISED BY DECREE No. 2878 OF 23 MAY 2017 OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC ON CALLING ELECTIONS TO A NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (2017)

Paragraph 48; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 77;

REPORT ON CONSTITUENCY DELINEATION AND SEAT ALLOCATION (2017)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 100; Paragraph 101; Paragraph 102; Paragraph 103; Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 106; Paragraph 107; Paragraph 108; Paragraph 109; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 110; Paragraph 111; Paragraph 112; Paragraph 113; Paragraph 114; Paragraph 115; Paragraph 116; Paragraph 117; Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 121; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 123; Paragraph 124; Paragraph 125; Paragraph 126; Paragraph 127; Paragraph 128; Paragraph 129; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 88; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 9; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 92; Paragraph 93; Paragraph 94; Paragraph 95; Paragraph 96; Paragraph 97; Paragraph 98; Paragraph 99;

Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria (2003)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 100; Paragraph 101; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 9; Paragraph 91;