More concretely, breaches of equal voting power can result from either active electoral geometry or passive electoral geometry. Active electoral geometry, on the one hand, is the distribution of constituencies causing inequalities in representation as soon as it is applied.^[23] On the other hand, passive electoral geometry refers to the inequalities arising from protracted retention of an unaltered territorial distribution of seats and of constituencies.^[24] To avoid passive electoral geometry, the allocation of seats and/or the constituencies cannot be static. The changes in population have to be reflected either through the reallocation of seats or through redistricting, which has on its turn to be done in conformity with the principles of independence, impartiality, and transparency;^[25] in case of one-member constituencies, only redistricting is possible.