There are not many countries where boycotting has happened to such a large extent as in Albania.³⁰ There is only very little guidance from common democratic practice in cases where the presumption in the democratic society that there are enough candidates and enough competition in the elections is not fulfilled. A situation where the electoral code has been declared unconstitutional and further legislation is required, but not yet in place, has been a ground to postpone elections in some countries. Such a situation affects all stakeholders in the same way and is foreseeable for the stakeholders and voters on an equal footing.

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³⁰ Cases of boycotting of referendums are not comparable, as the non-voting has usually a decisive importance for the validity of the referendum.