Council of Europe - Venice Commission

01. ESTONIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2025)

Article 156 ;

ALBANIA - Constitution (2016)

Article 109; Article 65; Article 88;

ALBANIA - Constitution of Albania (2020)

Article 1 ; Article 105; Article 109; Article 125; Article 65; Article 87; Article 88;

ANDORRA - Constitution (1993)

Article 51;

ARMENIA - Constitution (2015)

Article 124; Article 90; Article 93;

AUSTRIA - Extracts of the Costitution (2000)

Article 100; Article 27; Article 27; Article 29; Article 64;

BELARUS - Constitution (2004)

Article 118; Article 81; Article 91; Article 93;

BELGIUM - Constitution (2020)

Article 117; Article 195; Article 46; Article 65;

BELGIUM - Extracts Constitution (2014)

Article 117; Article 65;

BELGIUM - Extracts of the Constitution (2001)

Article 117; Article 65; Article 69;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Constitution (1995)

Article 5;

BULGARIA - Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria (2023)

Article 93;

CANADA - Constitution (2020)

Article 4; Article 50; Article 85;

CROATIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2013)

Article 95;

CYPRUS- Constitution of Cyprus (1960)

Article 39;

CZECH REPUBLIC - Constitution (1993)

Article 102; Article 16; Article 17; Article 55; Article 56;

CZECH REPUBLIC - Extracts of the Constitution (2013)

Article 10; Article 21;

DENMARK- Extracts of the Constitution (1953)

Article 31;

ESTONIA - Extracts of the Constitution (1992)

Article 60;

ESTONIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2011)

Article 156;

FINLAND - Constitution (2011)

Article 54;

FINLAND - Constitution (2018)

Section 24; Section 26; Section 54; Section 55; Section 58;

FRANCE - Extracts of the Constitution (1995)

Article 25; Article 6; Article 7;

GEORGIA - Constitution (2020)

Article 37; Article 50; Article 58;

GEORGIA - Extracts of Constitution (2006)

Article 49; Article 50; Article 70;

GERMANY - Basic Law for the Federal Republic (2014)

Article 39;

GERMANY - Constitution (2022)

Article 39;

GREECE- Extracts of the Constitution (1975)

Article 32; Article 53;

HUNGARY - Extracts of the Constitution (2013)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 2; Article 35;

ICELAND - Constitution (1999)

Article 31;

IRELAND - Extracts of the Constitution (1937)

Article 28A (A);

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (1947)

Article 61; Article 83;

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (2024)

Article 122 ; Article 60; Article 61 ; Article 85;

KAZAKHSTAN - Constitution (2011)

Article 41; Article 51; Article 86;

KOREA - Constitution (1987)

Article 42; Article 70;

KOSOVO - Constitution (2015)

Article 66; Article 86; Article 87;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Constitution (2011)

Article 61; Article 70;

LATVIA - Constitution (2019)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 13; Article 35; Article 36; Article 48; Article 49; Article 50; Article 51;

LATVIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2004)

Article 11;

LIECHTENSTEIN- Extracts of the Constitution (1921)

Article 113; Article 47; Article 58;

LITHUANIA - Extracts of the Constitution (1992)

Article 56; Article 58; Article 80; Article 81;

MALTA- Extracts of the Constitution (1992)

Article 62; Article 77;

MOLDOVA - Extracts of the Constitution (1994)

Article 38;

MONTENEGRO - Constitution (2013)

Article 84; Article 97;

MOROCCO - Constitution (2011)

Article 2; Article 62; Article 63;

NORWAY - Constitution (2023)

Article 54; Article 57;

ROMANIA - Constitution Excerpts (2003)

Article 63;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Extracts of the Constitution (1993)

Article 81; Article 96;

SERBIA - Constitution (2006)

Article 116; Article 180;

SLOVAKIA - Constitution (2002)

Article 30; Article 69;

SLOVENIA - Constitution (2016)

Article 82;

SLOVENIA - Constitution (2013)

Article 81;

SLOVENIA - Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia ()

Article 81;

SPAIN - Extracts of the Constitution (1978)

Article 23;

SWEDEN - Extracts of the Constitution (2018)

Article 1; Article 10; Article 11; Article 11; Article 3; Article 6;

SWITZERLAND - Constitution (2020)

Article 145; Article 149; Article 175; Article 176;

SWITZERLAND - Extracts of the Constitution (2005)

Article 75;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (2021)

Article 145; Article 149;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (2015)

Article 145; Article 149; Article 175; Article 176;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Extracts of the Constitution (1995)

Article 81;

TUNISIA - Constitution (2014)

Article 56; Article 75;

TÜRKIYE - Extracts of the Constitution (2001)

Article 102; Article 114; Article 116; Article 127; Article 77; Article 78;

UKRAINE - Constitution (1996)

Article 103; Article 141; Article 76; Article 77; Article 77;

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - Constitution (1992)

AMENDMENT XVII (1913); AMENDMENT XX (1933) (Section 1); Article 1 (Section 2); Article 1 (Section 3);

02. ESTONIA - Municipal Council Election Act (2025)

Article 2; Article 3 ; Article 4;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2008)

Article 10; Article 61; Article 8; Article 9;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2003)

Article 14; Article 7; Article 8;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 3;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania (2020)

Article 3 ; Article 9 ;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2002)

Article 115; Article 116; Article 117; Article 118; Article 119; Article 133; Article 137; Article 138; Article 88; Article 90; Article 91; Article 92; Article 93;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2021)

Article 7;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2022)

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2018)

Article 7;

ARMENIA - Law on Referendum (2001)

Article 5;

ARMENIA- Electoral Code (2007)

Article 117; Article 118; Article 119; Article 137; Article 138; Article 85; Article 88; Article 89; Article 90; Article 91; Article 92; Article 93;

AUSTRIA - Federal Law on the Election of the National Council (National Council Election Regulation 1992 – NRWO) (1992)

Article 1; Article 117; Article 118; Article 119; Article 120; Article 121; Article 123;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2003)

Article 145; Article 149; Article 172; Article 176; Article 178; Article 179; Article 2; Article 205; Article 206; Article 207; Article 213; Article 217; Article 243; Article 244; Article 245; Article 7; Article 8;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2019)

Article 145; Article 172; Article 176; Article 178; Article 179; Article 2; Article 205; Article 206; Article 243; Article 244; Article 245;

AZERBAIJAN - Law on Local Elections (1999)

Article 2; Article 4; Article 45; Article 46;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2000)

Article 110; Article 116; Article 122; Article 33; Article 39; Article 40; Article 41; Article 42; Article 71; Article 80; Article 81; Article 83; Article 87; Article 90; Article 94; Article 95; Article 96; Article 98;

BELARUS - Law on the President (1995)

Article 11; Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 8; Article 9;

BiH – Election Law last (amended 2024) (2001)

Article 1 (1.a); Article 1 (3); Article 10 (18); Article 14 (1); Article 14 (2); Article 14 (3); Article 14 (3.a);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (1a); Article 10 (18); Article 14 (1); Article 14 (2); Article 14 (3); Article 14 (3a);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law of the Brcko District (2003)

Article 8.5 (.5);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINIA - Election Law (2001)

Article 10.01 (.01); Article 11.01 (.01); Article 11.16 (.16); Article 12.04 (.04); Article 13.11 (.11); Article 14.01 (.01); Article 14.02 (.02); Article 14.03 (.03); Article 14.04 (.04); Article 4.06 (.06); Article 4.10 (.10); Article 4.14 (.14); Article 4.22 (.22); Article 8.01 (.01); Article 8.03 (.03); Article 9.02 (.02); Article 9.17 (.17);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2018)

Article 1 (1a); Article 14 (1); Article 14 (2); Article 14 (3); Article 14 (3a);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (1a); Article 14 (1); Article 14 (2 ); Article 14 (3); Article 14 (3a);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (1a); Article 14 (1); Article 14 (2); Article 14 (3); Article 14 (3a);

BULGARIA - Election Code (2019)

Article 118; Article 124; Article 166; Article 306; Article 343; Article 344; Article 349; Article 4; Article 411; Paragraph 11;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2020)

Article 118; Article 124; Article 166; Article 306; Article 343; Article 344; Article 349; Article 4; Article 411; Article 462; Article 463; Article 464; Article 465; Article 466; Article 467; Article 468; Article 469; Paragraph 11;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2021)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2014)

Article 124; Article 157; Article 166; Article 342; Article 343; Article 4; Article 411; Article 463; Article 464; Article 465; Article 466; Article 467; Article 468; Article 469;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2023)

Article 124; Article 166; Article 342; Article 343; Article 4 ; Article 411; Article 463; Article 464; Article 465; Article 466; Article 467; Article 468; Article 469;

BULGARIA- Act on Election of Members of Parliament (2001)

Article 18; Article 37; Article 47; Article 53; Article 59;

BULGARIA- Presidential Elections Act (1991)

Article 10n (n); Article 11f (f); Article 13; Article 16;

CANADA - Canada Elections Act (2023)

Paragraph 534; Paragraph 551;

CANADA - Elections Act (2019)

Article 12; Article 131; Article 2; Article 40; Article 477 (841); Article 534; Article 551;

COSTA RICA - Electoral Act (2009)

ARTICLE 147; ARTICLE 209;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Members of Representative Bodies of Local and Regional Self-Government Units (2005)

Article 7; Article 8;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Municipality Heads, Mayors, County Prefects and Mayor of City of Zagreb (2007)

Article 35; Article 36; Article 37; Article 38; Article 39; Article 6; Article 7; Article 8;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (1999)

Article 2; Article 47; Article 50; Article 52; Article 54; Article 55; Article 57;

CROATIA - Act on Local Elections 2012 and Act on Amendments 2016 (2012)

Article 7;

CROATIA - Act on the Election of National Minority Councils and Representatives (2019)

Article 2;

CROATIA - Law on the Election of Members of the Representative Bodies of Local and Regional Self-government Units (2001)

Article 19; Article 20; Article 4; Article 52; Article 55; Article 58; Article 60; Article 8;

CROATIA - Law on the Election of the President (2011)

Article 1;

CROATIA - Parliamentary Elections Act (2015)

Article 2;

CROATIA- The Law on the election of the President (1992)

Article 17; Article 18; Article 19; Article 3; Article 4; Article 41; Article 46;

CZECH REPUBLIC- Act on Elections to the Parliament and on Amendments of Certain Other Acts (1995)

Article 14; Article 76; Article 79; Article 95; Article 96; Article 97;

DENMARK - Consolidated Act Concerning the Election of the Danish Members of the European Parliament (2024)

Section 9;

DENMARK - Local and Regional Government Elections Act (2024)

Section 6; Section 97; Section 98; Section 99;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2019)

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2020)

6; 90; 92; 93;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2024)

Section 90; Section 92; Section 93;

DENMARK- Folketing (Parliamentary) Election Act (1987)

Article 6; Article 90; Article 93;

DENMARK- Parliamentary Election Act (2009)

Article 90;

ESTONIA - Municipal Council Election Act (2020)

Paragraph 2; Paragraph 3; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 57 (1); Paragraph 9;

ESTONIA - Parliamentary Election Act (2002)

Article 2; Article 3; Article 63;

ESTONIA - Referendum Act (2002)

Article 58; Article 59; Article 61; Article 62;

ESTONIA – Local Government Council Election Act (1999)

Article 1; Article 14; Article 2; Article 34; Article 9;

ESTONIA – President of the Republic Election Act (1996)

Article 16; Article 17; Article 18; Article 19; Article 20; Article 25; Article 26;

FINLAND - Election Act (2013)

Article 106; Article 107; Article 127; Article 143; Article 144; Article 158; Article 159; Article 160; Article 189; Article 194;

FINLAND - Elections Act (2016)

Section 100; Section 101; Section 102; Section 127; Section 128; Section 139; Section 140; Section 141; Section 142; Section 143; Section 20; Section 29; Section 42; Section 47;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 108; Article 109; Article 135; Article 149 (1); Article 154 (1); Article 49; Article 94; Article 95;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2016)

Article 108; Article 109; Article 135; Article 154 (1); Article 154 (1); Article 94; Article 95;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2018)

Article 108; Article 109; Article 154 (1); Article 94 ; Article 95 ;

GERMANY - Federal Elections Act (2013)

Section 16;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Law (1999)

Article 16; Article 43; Article 44;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (1994)

Article 83;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (2017)

Section 77;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations as of 2020 (2020)

Section 82 ; Section 83;

GERMANY – Federal Elections Act (amended March 2024) (1993)

Section 16; Section 43; Section 44; Section 55;

HUNGARY - Act C on Electoral Procedure (1997)

Article 105; Article 115; Article 122; Article 4; Article 86; Article 90; Article 96; Article 99;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII of 2011 on the election of the Members of the National Assembly (2025)

Section 19 ;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII on the Election of Members of the National Assembly (2021)

Section 19 ;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Local Government Representatives and Mayors (2024)

Section 20; Section 21; Section 21 (A); Section 21 (B); Section 24;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Municipal Representatives and Mayors (2010)

Section 20; Section 21; Section 21 (A); Section 21 (B);

HUNGARY - Act LXXXVII of 2013 on the Transparency of Campaign Costs related to the Election of the Members of the Parliament (2013)

Section 1;

HUNGARY - Act No XXXIV of 1989 on the Election of Members of Parliament (1989)

Article 46; Article 7; Article 8;

HUNGARY - Act XXIII of 2022 Amending Certain Electoral and Related Laws (2022)

Section 36; Section 37; Section 38;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (2024)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2018)

Section 108; Section 11; Section 300; Section 302; Section 303; Section 307 (D); Section 309; Section 310; Section 313; Section 318; Section 332; Section 349; Section 350; Section 353; Section 8;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2013)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI on Election Procedure (2021)

HUNGARY – Act CCXXXVIII of 2013 on Initiating Referendums the European Citizens Initiative and Referendum Procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

Section 65 ; Section 70 ; Section 79;

HUNGARY – Act L of 2010 on the election of local government representatives and mayors (2025)

Section 20; Section 21 ; Section 21 (A); Section 21 (B); Section 24 ;

HUNGARY- Act LXIV on the Election of Local Municipal Government Representatives and Mayors (1990)

Article 42; Article 44; Article 47; Article 50; Article 53; Article 54;

ICELAND - Act No. 24 Concerning Parliamentary Elections to the Althing (2008)

Article 20; Article 21;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2021)

Article 115; Article 124; Article 125; Article 132; Article 134;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2023)

Article 115; Article 124; Article 125; Article 132; Article 134;

ICELAND - Local Government Elections Act (2016)

Article 89; Article 90; Article 91;

ICELAND - Local Government Elections Act No. 5/1998 (1998)

Article 1; Article 14; Article 89; Article 90; Article 91; Article 94; Article 97;

IRELAND - Electoral Act (2016)

Article 33;

KAZAKHSTAN - Constitutional Act On Elections (2011)

Article 114; Article 51; Article 51 (1); Article 53;

KOREA - Public Offical Election Act (2014)

204; Article 196; Article 202; Article 203; Article 205; Article 206; Article 207; Article 209; Article 210; Article 211; Article 212; Article 213; Article 214; Article 215; Article 216; Article 217; Article 27; Article 27; Article 28;

KOSOVO - Law No. 003/L-073 on General Elections and Amendments 2010 (2008)

Article 4;

KOSOVO - Law No. 03/L-072 on Local Elections (2008)

Article 4; Article 5; Article 9;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Electoral Code (2004)

Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 47; Article 51; Article 58; Article 66; Article 67; Article 69; Article 7; Article 76; Article 79; Article 88;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections (2015)

Article 48; Article 50; Article 59; Article 7;

KYRGYZSTAN - Law on Elections of the President of the Republic and the Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh (2020)

Article 23; Article 38; Article 48; Article 50; Article 56; Article 57; Article 59; Article 63; Article 7;

LATVIA - Law on the Election of Local Government Councils (2020)

Section 24. (1); Section 37. (1); Section 45. (3); Section 45. (4); Section 45. (5); Section 45. (6); Section 45. (7); Section 45. (8); Section 45. (9); Section 45. (10);

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to Municipal Councils (2012)

Article 86;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2012)

Article 1; Article 6; Article 86;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2016)

Article 6;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2018)

Article 6; Article 92; Article 97;

LITHUANIA - Law on Presidential Elections (2012)

Article 1;

LITHUANIA - Law on Presidential Elections (2013)

Article 1;

LITHUANIA - Law on the Elections to the European Parliament (2003)

Article 1; Article 7;

MALTA - European Parliament Elections Act (2023)

Article 5; FIRST SCHEDULE;

MALTA - General Elections Act (2023)

Article 2; Article 54;

MALTA - Referenda Act (2023)

Article 4;

MEXICO - General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures of Mexico (2014)

Article 207; Article 22; Article 224; Article 25;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2019)

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

Article 109; Article 114; Article 116; Article 117; Article 119; Article 122; Article 134; Article 138; Article 139; Article 140; Article 173; Article 201; Article 96; Article 98; Article I. (30. Article 73); Article I. (30. Article 77); Article I. (30. Article 94 (3)); Article I. (30. Article 94 (4)); Article I. (30. Article 94 (5));

MOLDOVA – Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 122; Article 136; Article 138; Article 139; Article 140; Article 169; Article 173; Article 201; Article 93; Article 93; Article 94;

MOLDOVA- Law on the Election of the President (1996)

Article 1; Article 32; Article 35; Article 7;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 101; Article 102; Article 103; Article 104; Article 105; Article 15; Article 5; Article 69; Article 69 (a); Article 70; Article 79; Article 83;

MONTENEGRO - Law on the Election of the President (2023)

Article 1; Article 17; Article 18; Article 19;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Voter Register (2023)

Article 5;

MONTENEGRO - The Decree on Proclamation of the Law on Election of the President of Montenegro (2016)

Article 1; Article 17; Article 18; Article 19;

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 1; Article 101; Article 101; Article 102; Article 103; Article 105; Article 118; Article 13;

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (1989)

Article 2C1.1 (C1.1); Article 2C2.1 (C2.1); Article 2C2.1 (C2.1); Article 2C3 (C3); Article 2C4.1 (C4.1); Article 2J1 (J1); Article 2Q2 (Q2);

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (2013)

Section Q2; Section Q3; Section Y5;

NORTH MACEDONIA - ELECTORAL CODE (2019)

Article 12; Article 158; Article 159; Article 75 (f);

NORWAY - Election Act (2018)

Paragraph 11 (3); Paragraph 13 (3); Paragraph 13 (4); Paragraph 13 (5); Paragraph 9 (1);

NORWAY - Election Act (2021)

Section 13 (3); Section 13 (4); Section 13 (5); Section 9 (1);

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

Article 116; Article 150; Article 192; Article 194; Article 195; Article 245; Article 246; Article 247; Article 248; Article 283; Article 285; Article 286; Article 47; Article 53 (l);

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

Article 194; Article 195; Article 247; Article 248; Article 47;

POLAND - Election Code Amendments (2023)

Article 12; Article 150; Article 195; Article 247; Article 283;

POLAND - Election of the President (2004)

Article 69; Article 7; Article 70; Article 76a (a); Article 8B (B);

POLAND - Parliamentary Election Law (2001)

Article 83; Article 9;

PORTUGAL - Electoral Law (2015)

Article 19; Article 20; Article 41;

PORTUGAL - Law Governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic (2020)

Article 119; Article 19;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

Article 14 ; Article 32; Article 32;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

ROMANIA - Law for the Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2022)

Article 10; Article 101; Article 101 (1); Article 102;

ROMANIA - Law No. 370 (2024)

Article 1 ; Article 2; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54;

ROMANIA - Law no. 370 on the election of the President of Romania Republished (2004)

Article 2;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the President of Romania (2022)

Article 1; Article 2; Article 52; Article 54;

ROMANIA - Law on the Organisation and Conduct of the Elections to the European Parliament (2022)

Article 10; Article 12; Article 70; Article 74;

ROMANIA- Regulations on The Elections To The Chamber of Deputies and The Senate (2008)

Article 2 ;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens to Participate in a Referendum (2002)

Article 23; Article 24; Article 31; Article 38; Article 41; Article 49; Article 71; Article 8; Article 9;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 8; Article 9;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2016)

Article 5;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Presidential Elections in the Russian Federation (2011)

Article 5;

SAN MARINO - Compilation of Electoral Legislation ()

Article 11; Article 45; Article 9;

SAN MARINO - Other Provisions Introduced by Qualified Law 1, 11 May 2007 (2007)

Article 20;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (1993)

Article 116; Article 117; Article 95; Article 96; Article 97; Article 99;

SERBIA - Law on Electing the President of the Republic (2004)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 5;

SERBIA - Law on Election of the President of the Republic (2009)

Article 4;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2011)

Article 2;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2020)

Article 2; Article 50; Article 55;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2020)

Article 3; Article 55; Article 69; Article 71; Article 74; Article 89; Article 90; Article 91; Article 97;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2022)

Article 117; Article 118; Article 119; Article 168; Article 59; Article 60; Article 61;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2011)

Article 3;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Representatives (2000)

Article 24; Article 26; Article 3; Article 89; Article 91; Article 92;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of the President of the Republic (2022)

Article 1; Article 10; Article 22; Article 23; Article 24; Article 26; Article 27; Article 9;

SLOVAKIA - Act of the National Council on Local Elections (1998)

Article 25; Article 25; Article 48; Article 48;

SLOVAKIA - Act on conditions for the exercise of the right to vote (2019)

Article 106 ; Article 115 ; Article 149 ; Article 181 ; Article 56; Article 86;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the Bodies of Self-government Regions and on Amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure (2001)

Article 42; Article 46;

SLOVAKIA - Law on Procedure of the Election of the President, on Plebiscite and Removal of the President and on Supplementation of several other Laws (1999)

Article 15; Article 15; Article 2; Article 2; Article 31; Article 31;

SLOVENIA - Local Elections Act (2023)

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2017)

Article 12; Article 13; Article 15;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2024)

Article 100; Article 101; Article 102; Article 12; Article 13 ; Article 15 ; Article 18; Article 19 ; Article 99;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2006)

Article 12; Article 13; Article 15;

SLOVENIA – National Assembly Election Act (as of February 2024) (1992)

Article 100; Article 101; Article 102; Article 12; Article 13; Article 15; Article 18; Article 19; Article 99;

SLOVENIA- National Assembly Elections Act (2000)

Article 100; Article 101; Article 102; Article 107; Article 17; Article 18; Article 19; Article 99;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

Article 15; Article 25;

SWEDEN - Elections act (2021)

1.3; 14.27; 15.13; 4.23;

SWEDEN - Elections Act (2005)

Article 2 (Introductory provisions); Article 3 (Introductory provisions);

SWITZERLAND - Federal Act on Political Rights (2022)

Article 44; Article 45; Article 51 ; Article 56;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 137; Article 158; Article 159;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Law on Referendum and Other Forms of Direct Vote of Citizens (2005)

Article 19;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Election of Members of Parliament (1998)

Article 101; Article 103; Article 9;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Local Elections (2004)

Article 75; Article 76; Article 77; Article 78; Article 9;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Voters' List (2002)

Article 25;

TÜRKIYE - Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers (1999)

Article 17;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Parliamentary Elections (2018)

Article 1; Article 39; Article 6; Article 7; Article 8; Article 9;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Elections of Local Administrations and Neighborhood Mukhtars and Board of Elderman (2012)

Article 8 ;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Presidential Elections with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

Article 3; Article 4; Article 5;

TÜRKIYE - Presidential Elections Law (2013)

Article 3;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of Deputies of Local Radas and of Village, Settlement, City Chairmen (1998)

Article 10; Article 39; Article 47; Article 49; Article 50; Article 54;

UKRAINE - Law on All-Ukrainian and Local Referendums (1991)

Article 43; Article 9;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 14; Article 15; Article 34; Article 75; Article 82;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2005)

Article 15; Article 16; Article 17;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the People's Deputies (2016)

Article 15.; Article 16. ; Article 17.;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the President (2004)

Article 11; Article 15; Article 16; Article 17; Article 26; Article 27; Article 28; Article 36; Article 57; Article 60; Article 80; Article 84; Article 85; Article 89;

UNITED KINGDOM - European Parliamentary Elections Act (2002)

Article 4;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Amendements to the Constitution of 30 July of 2020 and to the Electoral Code of 5 Octobre 2020 (2020)

Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43;

ALBANIA - Opinion on the Scope of the Power of the President to set the Dates of Elections (2019)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 100; Paragraph 101; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 88; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 95;

ALBANIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2009)

Paragraph 91; Paragraph 92;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2023)

Paragraph 11;

ARMENIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Amendemnts to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43;

CROATIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Voters Lists (2007)

Paragraph 65;

GEORGIA - Joint opinion on draft amendments to the Election Code and the Law on Political Associations of Citizens (2022)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 9;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Election Code and to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia (2023)

Paragraph 48;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2006)

Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 41;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 104; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2002)

Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 73;

GEORGIA - Urgent Joint Opinion Revised Draft Amendments to the Election Code (2021)

Paragraph 17;

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion on the 2020 Amendments to the Electoral Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 27;

HUNGARY – Opinion on act LXXIX of 2024 amending certain laws relating to elections (2025)

Section 41.;

KYRGYZSTAN - Urgent Amicus Curiae Brief Relating to the Postponement of Elections Motivated by Constitutional Reform (2020)

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code and other Related Laws Concerning Ineligibility of Persons Connected to Political Parties Declared Unconstitutional (2023)

Paragraph 20;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Legal Framework of Governing the Funding of Political Parties and Electoral Campaigns (2017)

Paragraph 17;

MOLDOVA – Urgent joint opinion on the draft Law no. 263 amending the Electoral Code, the Contravention Code and the Code of Audiovisual Media Services (2020)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 40;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 96; Paragraph 97;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2007)

Paragraph 40; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 84;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 107; Paragraph 108; Paragraph 109;

MOLDOVA- Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 106; Paragraph 107;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Election Law (2003)

Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 95;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Law of the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit of the Election of the Governor of Gagauzia (2007)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17;

Report on Choosing the Date of an Election (2007)

Report on Democracy, Limitation of Mandates and Incompatibility of Political Functions (2012)

Paragraph 116; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 62;

Report on Dual Voting For Persons Belonging to National Minorities (2008)

Paragraph 23;

Report on Election Dispute Resolution (2020)

Paragraph 127;

Report on Electoral Rules and Affirmative Action for National Minorities´Participation in Decision-Making Process in European Countries (2005)

Paragraph 35;

Report on Term-Limits Part I - Presidents (2018)

Paragraph 101; Paragraph 102; Paragraph 104; Paragraph 117; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 123; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9; Paragraph 98; Paragraph 99;

Report on Term-Limits Part II - Members of Parliament- Part III - Representatives elected at Sub-national and Local Level and Executive Officials electred at Sub-national and Local Level (2019)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 8;

Report on the Compliance with Council of Europe and other International Standards of the Inclusion of a not Internationally Recognised Territory into a Nationwide Constituency for Parliamentary Elections (2019)

Paragraph 24; Paragraph 29;

Report on the Identification of Electoral Irregularities by Statistical Methods (2018)

Paragraph 6;

Report on the Identification of Electoral Irregularities by Statistical Methods (2018)

Paragraph 6; Paragraph 6;

Report on the Recall of Mayors and Local Elected Representatives (2019)

Paragraph 101; Paragraph 102; Paragraph 103; Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 92; Paragraph 93; Paragraph 96;

Report on the Thresholds and other Features of Electoral Systems which bar Parties from acces to Parliament (II) (2010)

Paragraph 18; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 61;

Report out-of Country Voting (2011)

Paragraph 8;

ROMANIA - Opinion on the Emergency Ordinance regarding the merger of the 2024 elections for the European Parliament and for the local authorities (2025)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 44;

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 143; Paragraph 144; Paragraph 145; Paragraph 147; Paragraph 148; Paragraph 21;

SERBIA - Joint Recommendations on the Laws on Parliamentary, Presidential and Local Elections and Electoral Administration (2006)

Paragraph 59; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 73;

SERBIA - Urgent Opinion on the Draft Law on the Referendum and the People's Initiative (2021)

Paragraph 33;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 108; Paragraph 115; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 144; Paragraph 153; Paragraph 162; Paragraph 163; Paragraph 179;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Revised Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 3N.87 (N.87);

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Legislation and Related "Harmonisation Laws" Adopted in March and April 2018 (2018)

Paragraph 55;

TÜRKIYE - Opinion on the Replacement of Elected Candidates and Mayors (2020)

Paragraph 30; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Amendments to the Laws on Election of People's Deputies and on the Central Election Commission and on the Draft Law on Repeat Elections of Ukraine (2013)

Paragraph 95;

UKRAINE - Opinion on the Draft Law Amending the Law on Election of People's Deputies of Ukraine Presented by People's Deputies Lavrynovych and Portnov (2009)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 29;

UKRAINE - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law 3612 on Democracy Through All-Ukraine Referendum (2020)

Paragraph 103; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32;

Urgent Report on the cancellation of election results by Constitutional Courts (2025)

REPORT ON CONSTITUENCY DELINEATION AND SEAT ALLOCATION (2017)

Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 51;

Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria (2003)

Paragraph 101; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 92;

Report on the compatibility of remote voting and electronic voting with the standards of the Council of Europe (2004)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 6;