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Home > 1.6 Frequency of elections > Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria
 
 
 
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Paragraph 58
 

With alternative votes, a vacancy in a seat usually results in the holding of a by-election.

 
Members
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cyprus
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Kazakhstan
Korea, Republic
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Mexico
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Montenegro
Morocco
Netherlands
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Norway
Peru
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Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation (The Russian Federation ceased to be a member on March 23rd, 2022)
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Tunisia
Türkiye
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States of America
 
Associate Members
Belarus (suspended on 17 March 2022)
 
Observers
Argentina
Holy See
Japan
Uruguay
 
Special Status
European Union
OSCE/ODIHR
Palestinian National Authority
South Africa
 

Bolivia
Colombia
Cuba
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
The Dominican Republic
Venezuela

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