In this report, we consider any manipulation or error that undermines the integrity of elections as free, fair, and competitive to be an electoral irregularity. There are many ways election results can be manipulated or otherwise erroneous, and thus it is natural that there is a large range of forensic procedures to identify different kinds of electoral irregularities. Among the many statistical procedures to vet electoral results, most address relatively few types of irregularities. The most common tests look for evidence that election results were fabricated or altered by election officials.