Recently, a number of researchers have focused on statistical methods to identify anomalies in election results (among others Myagkov et al., 2009, Mebane, 2008, Deckert et al., 2011, Hicken and Mebane, 2015). This report reviews these methods below. The general technique to identify electoral irregularities by statistical means is to select a data source, formulate a hypothesis about how election results would be generated statistically in the absence of fraud, and process the data using what is called a statistical test.