Council of Europe - Venice Commission

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

Article 108; Article 131; Article 132; Article 166; Article 168; Article 188; Article 191; Article 196; Article 30; Article 54; Article 56; Article 57; Article 58; Article 59; Article 67; Article I. (30. Article 88); Article I. (30. Article 89);

MOLDOVA – Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 132; Article 166; Article 196; Article 56; Article 57; Article 58; Article 85;

MOLDOVA- Law on the Election of the President (1996)

Article 29; Article 30; Article 31;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament (2016)

Article 1;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 32; Article 69; Article 89; Article 90; Article 91; Article 92;

MONTENEGRO - Law on the Election of the President (2023)

Article 12; Article 13;

MONTENEGRO - The Decree on Proclamation of the Law on Election of the President of Montenegro (2016)

Article 12; Article 13;

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 89; Article 89; Article 90; Article 90; Article 91; Article 92; Article 92; Article 97;

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (2013)

NORTH MACEDONIA - ELECTORAL CODE (2019)

Article 114; Article 115; Article 116; Article 128; Article 131; Article 132; Article 31; Article 37;

NORWAY - Election Act (2018)

Paragraph 10 (5); Paragraph 10 (6); Paragraph 12 (3); Paragraph 9 (9);

NORWAY - Election Act (2021)

Section 10 (4); Section 10 (5); Section 10 (6); Section 12 (3);

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

POLAND - Election Code Amendments (2023)

Article 314; Article 351; Article 70 ; Article 71;

POLAND - Election of the President (2004)

Article 18; Article 61; Article 62; Article 63;

POLAND - Parliamentary Election Law (2001)

Article 160; Article 162; Article 201; Article 203; Article 39; Article 51; Article 70;

PORTUGAL - Electoral Law (2015)

Article 100; Article 101; Article 102; Article 105; Article 107; Article 109; Article 110; Article 111; Article 111A; Article 115; Article 98;

PORTUGAL - Law Governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic (2020)

PORTUGAL - National Election Commission (1978)

Article 5;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

ROMANIA - Law 115 for the Election of Local Public Administration, Authorities, Amending the Law of Local Public Adminsitration No. 215-2001 (2024)

Article 82;

ROMANIA - Law for the Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2022)

Article 31; Article 93; Article 94; Article 95;

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 31; Article 93; Article 94; Article 95;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 119; Article 12; Article 18; Article 81; Article 91; Article 92; Article 92 (1); Article 93;

ROMANIA - LAW No. 208 of 20 July 2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2024)

Article 119; Article 12; Article 18; Article 81; Article 91; Article 92; Article 92 (1); Article 93;

ROMANIA - Law no. 208/2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2015)

Article 91; Article 92;

ROMANIA - Law No. 288 (2015)

Article 15; Article 15 (1); Article 16; Article 18; Article 9; Article 9;

ROMANIA - Law no. 288 on the postal voting, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 208/2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Auth (2015)

Article 15; Article 16; Article 17; Article 18; Article 9;

ROMANIA - Law no. 33 on the Rules and Regulations on the Elections to the european Parliament (2009)

Article 19(7); Article 20 ;

ROMANIA - Law No. 370 (2024)

Article 19; Article 2; Article 20; Article 48; Article 49; Article 49 (1); Article 50 ; Article 51;

ROMANIA - Law no. 370 on the election of the President of Romania Republished (2004)

Article 24; Article 48;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the President of Romania (2022)

Article 19; Article 2; Article 20; Article 48; Article 49; Article 49 (1); Article 50; Article 51;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 119; Article 12; Article 18; Article 81; Article 91; Article 92; Article 93;

ROMANIA - Law on the Organisation and Conduct of the Elections to the European Parliament (2022)

Article 49; Article 53; Article 6;

ROMANIA- Regulations on The Elections To The Chamber of Deputies and The Senate (2008)

Article 44; Article 45; Article 46; Article 47; Article 48;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens to Participate in a Referendum (2002)

Article 19; Article 65; Article 68;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 3; Article 62; Article 67; Article 68; Article 69;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2016)

Article 82; Article 85;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Presidential Elections in the Russian Federation (2011)

Article 73;

SAN MARINO - Compilation of Electoral Legislation ()

Article 30; Article 36; Article 41;

SAN MARINO - Electoral Procedures for the Special Polling Station of the State Hospital in the Elections of the Heads of the Township Councils and of the Township Councils and Amendments to Delegated Decree no. 117/2007 for Home Voting (2009)

Article 5;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (1993)

Article 113; Article 81; Article 82; Article 83;

SERBIA - Law on Election of the President of the Republic (2009)

Article 16;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2011)

Article 35;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2020)

Article 35; Article 39;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2020)

Article 72 (a); Article 74; Article 75;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2022)

Article 103; Article 109; Article 110; Article 116; Article 4;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2011)

Article 74; Article 75;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Representatives (2000)

Article 75; Article 76; Article 77; Article 80; Article 81; Article 83;

SLOVAKIA - Act of the National Council on Local Elections (1998)

Article 37; Article 37; Article 38; Article 38;

SLOVAKIA - Act on conditions for the exercise of the right to vote (2019)

Article 100 ; Article 102 ; Article 108; Article 109 ; Article 110 ; Article 111 ; Article 118 ; Article 120; Article 124 ; Article 125; Article 126 ; Article 127; Article 135 ; Article 136 ; Article 138 ; Article 151 ; Article 152 ; Article 153 ; Article 155; Article 156 ; Article 161; Article 167 ; Article 170 ; Article 183 ; Article 184 ; Article 185 ; Article 187 ; Article 188 ; Article 194 ; Article 195 ; Article 199 ; Article 201 ; Article 209 ; Article 210 ; Article 211 ; Article 212 ; Article 29; Article 47; Article 49; Article 61; Article 62; Article 63; Article 64 ; Article 77 ; Article 79 ; Article 88 ; Article 89 ; Article 90 ; Article 91 ;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts (2008)

Article 1 (Section 23); Article 1 (Section 26); Article 1 (Section 46);

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the Bodies of Self-government Regions and on Amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure (2001)

Article 34; Article 35; Article 36;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the National Council (2004)

Section 36; Section 37; Section 41;

SLOVAKIA - Law on Procedure of the Election of the President, on Plebiscite and Removal of the President and on Supplementation of several other Laws (1999)

Article 23; Article 23; Article 24; Article 24; Article 7; Article 7;

SLOVENIA - Local Elections Act (2023)

Article 12; Article 14; Article 15; Article 16; Article 17; Article 18; Article 85; Article 86; Article 88; Article 89;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2017)

Article 84; Article 85; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88; Article 89 (a); Article 89; Article 95;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2024)

Article 84; Article 85; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88 ; Article 89; Article 89a; Article 95;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2006)

Article 84; Article 85; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88; Article 89; Article 89 (a); Article 95;

SLOVENIA – National Assembly Election Act (as of February 2024) (1992)

Article 84; Article 85; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88; Article 89; Article 89a; Article 95;

SLOVENIA- National Assembly Elections Act (2000)

Article 76; Article 84; Article 85; Article 86; Article 87; Article 95; Article 96;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

Article 104; Article 105; Article 106; Article 173; Article 191; Article 223; Article 224; Article 95; Article 96;

SWEDEN - Elections act (2021)

10.1; 10.7; 11.1; 11.2; 11.5; 12.1; 12.3; 12.4; 12.5; 12.6; 12.7; 12.8; 13.1; 13.2; 13.3; 13.4; 13.5; 13.6; 13.7; 13.8; 9.17;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Act on Political Rights (2022)

Article 37 ; Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15 ; Article 36 ; Article 39; Article 50 ;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Act on Political Rights (2015)

Article 12; Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 37; Article 38; Article 39; Article 50;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 114; Article 115; Article 116; Article 128; Article 131; Article 132; Article 31; Article 40; Articulo 37;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Law on Referendum and Other Forms of Direct Vote of Citizens (2005)

Article 46; Article 47; Article 48; Article 49; Article 55;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Election of Members of Parliament (1998)

Article 75; Article 79; Article 87; Article 88;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Local Elections (2004)

Article 63; Article 67; Article 68;

TÜRKIYE - Law Concerning Referendums on Constitutional Amendments (2010)

Article 7;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Parliamentary Elections (2018)

Article 29;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Basic Provisions of Elections and Voter Registers (2014)

Additional Article 5; Article 100; Article 101; Article 102; Article 105; Article 107; Article 108; Article 77; Article 95; Article 96; Article 97; Article 98;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

Article 100; Article 101; Article 102; Article 105; Article 107; Article 5 (Annex); Article 95; Article 96; Article 97; Article 98;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Elections of Local Administrations and Neighborhood Mukhtars and Board of Elderman (2012)

Article 20 ; Article 21; Article 23;

TÜRKIYE - Presidential Elections Law (2013)

Article 18; Article 19; Article 2;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of Deputies of Local Radas and of Village, Settlement, City Chairmen (1998)

Article 45;

UKRAINE - Law on All-Ukrainian and Local Referendums (1991)

Article 40;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 23; Article 24; Article 68; Article 69; Article 74;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2005)

Article 1; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88; Article 89; Article 91; Article 92; Article 94; Article 95; Article 96;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the People's Deputies (2016)

Article 84.; Article 87.; Article 89.; Article 90. ; Article 91.; Article 94.; Article 95. ; Article 96.; Article 96.1.;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the President (2004)

Article 11; Article 26; Article 27; Article 28; Article 75; Article 78; Article 82; Article 85;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Amendements to the Constitution of 30 July of 2020 and to the Electoral Code of 5 Octobre 2020 (2020)

Paragraph 40;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Practice (2011)

ALBANIA - Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 79; Paragraph 9; Paragraph 91;

ALBANIA - Opinion on the Scope of the Power of the President to set the Dates of Elections (2019)

Paragraph 85;

ARMENIA - Joint Final Opinion on The Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 16;

ARMENIA - Joint Interim Opinion on the new draft Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 15;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2023)

Paragraph 17 ; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28 ; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 75; Paragraphe 63; Paragraphe 64; Paragraphe 65; Paragraphe 71; Paragraphe 75;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draf Electoral Code (As of 18 April 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 94; Paragraph 95; Paragraph 96; Paragraph 97; Paragraph 98; Paragraph 99;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Referendum (2017)

Paragraph 19;

ARMENIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Amendemnts to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 98;

ARMENIA- Final Opinion on the Amendments to the Electoral Code (2005)

Paragraph 24;

ARMENIA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68;

AZERBAIJAN - Final Opinion on the amendments to the Election Code (2005)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 41;

AZERBAIJAN - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on amendments and changes to the Electoral Code adopted by the Council for Democratic Elections and the Venice Commission (2008)

Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Joint Opinion on amendments to the Election Law (2008)

Paragraph 26;

BULGARIA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code (2017)

Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41;

BULGARIA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2011)

Paragraph 12;

GEORGIA - Joint opinion on draft amendments to the Election Code and the Law on Political Associations of Citizens (2022)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2006)

Paragraph 119; Paragraph 120;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 103; Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 106; Paragraph 99;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 12.69 (.69); Paragraph 12.69 (.69);

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Draft Organic Law on: Making amendments and additions into the Organic Law-Election Code of Georgia (2005)

Paragraph 31;

HAITI – Opinion on the draft referendum decree (2025)

Section 48. ;

Joint Report of the Venice Commission and of the Directorate of Information Society and Action Against Crime of the Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law - On Digital Technologies and Elections (2019)

Paragraph 109; Paragraph 58;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, The Draft Law on Elections to Local Governments and the Draft Law on the Formation of Election Commissions (2011)

Paragraph 100; Paragraph 101;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC- Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Law (2014)

Paragraph 105; Paragraph 106; Paragraph 107; Paragraph 108; Paragraph 109; Paragraph 110; Paragraph 111;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Working Text amending the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 4.44 (.44);

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2007)

Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55;

MOLDOVA- Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 100; Paragraph 101; Paragraph 102; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 96; Paragraph 97; Paragraph 98;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Election Law (2003)

Paragraph 107; Paragraph 108; Paragraph 66;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Law of the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit of the Election of the Governor of Gagauzia (2007)

Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84;

MONTENEGRO - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of Members of Parliament and Councillors (2020)

Paragraph 76;

MONTENEGRO- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Amendments and Supplements to the Law on the Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament (2010)

Paragraph 3H.48 (H.48);

MONTENEGRO- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Amendments to the Law on Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament (2011)

Paragraph 3H (H);

Report on Election Dispute Resolution (2020)

Paragraph 100; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 95;

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Paragraph 204; Paragraph 205; Paragraph 206; Paragraph 224; Paragraph 227; Paragraph 228; Paragraph 229; Paragraph 230;

Report on Proportional Electoral Systems: The Allocation of seats inside the lists (open/closed) lists (2015)

Report on the Identification of Electoral Irregularities by Statistical Methods (2018)

Report out-of Country Voting (2011)

Paragraph 75; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Code (2022)

Paragraph 116; Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119;

Revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums (2022)

3.2; 3.2 (34);

RUSSIAN FEDERATION- Opinion on the Federal Law on the Election of the Deputies of the State Duma (2012)

Paragraph 4.11.102 (.11.102);

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

Paragraph 21; Paragraph 71;

SERBIA - Joint Recommendations on the Laws on Parliamentary, Presidential and Local Elections and Electoral Administration (2006)

Paragraph 57; Paragraph 61;

SERBIA - Urgent Opinion on the Draft Law on the Referendum and the People's Initiative (2021)

Paragraph 59;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 137; Paragraph 140; Paragraph 141; Paragraph 142; Paragraph 143; Paragraph 146; Paragraph 147; Paragraph 179;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Revised Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 3K.76 (K.76); Paragraph 3L.80 (L.80); Paragraph 3N.87 (N.87);

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Legislation and Related "Harmonisation Laws" Adopted in March and April 2018 (2018)

Paragraph 49;

TÜRKIYE - Opinion on the Replacement of Elected Candidates and Mayors (2020)

Paragraph 30;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Amendments to the Laws on Election of People's Deputies and on the Central Election Commission and on the Draft Law on Repeat Elections of Ukraine (2013)

Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 92; Paragraph 94; Paragraph 94;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law No. 3366 about Elections to the Parliament (2009)

Paragraph 21; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 75;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2011)

Paragraph 105; Paragraph 113; Paragraph 114; Paragraph 116;

UKRAINE - Opinion on the Draft Election Code of the Verkhovna Rada (2010)

Paragraph 3.14 (.14);

UKRAINE - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law 3612 on Democracy Through All-Ukraine Referendum (2020)

Paragraph 103; Paragraph 104; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 46;

UKRAINE- Opinion on the draft Law on election of people's deputies (Draft introducted by people's deputies S. Havrish, Y. Ioffe and H. Dashutin) (2003)

Paragraph 42; Paragraph 46;

REPORT ON CONSTITUENCY DELINEATION AND SEAT ALLOCATION (2017)

Paragraph 37;

Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria (2003)

Report on the compatibility of remote voting and electronic voting with the standards of the Council of Europe (2004)

Paragraph 19; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54;