Both turnout and partisan vote patterns are influenced by the local popularity of local candidates and their ability to mobilize voters. Studies have found that small communities might have more cohesive preferences, and more uniform turnout pattern, leading to peaks in both partisan votes and turnout (Coleman, 2004). Patterns of strategic behaviour will often vary between different (geographic) electoral districts. For instance, small parties renounce running in districts with a narrow race, or some strategic voters defect from weak candidates (Cain, 1978, Bochsler, forthcoming). This will lead to deviations from Gaussian normal distributions (Mebane, 2013). Statistical tests can take into account demographics of the electoral wards, earlier electoral results, or institutional variance, where data are available. However, other factors can be overlooked, misunderstood, or not identified due to a lack of data at a sufficiently disaggregated level.