An assessment of the introduction of term limits in the Philippines found that “the ability of term limits to dismantle political dynasties is not obvious, as term limited incumbents may be replaced by relatives or may run for a different elected office. Whether these strategies undermine the direct effects of term-limits in reducing the time an individual can hold office is an empirical question. I find no evidence of a statistically significant impact of term limits on curbing families’ persistence in power. Moreover, term limits deter high-quality challengers from running prior to the expiration of an incumbent’s term. Challengers prefer to wait for the incumbent to be termed-out and run in an open-seat race. As a consequence, incumbents are safer in their early terms prior to the limit. These results suggest that political reforms that do not modify the underlying sources of dynastic power may be ineffective in changing the political equilibrium.” Examples of how term limits were ineffective may be found in the Russian Federation, where President Putin and Prime Minister Medvedev exchanged roles, and in the United States, where some time-limited State officials have moved to Congress, the Senate or other political roles within the same electoral orbit.