Despite many improvements in Europe in the field of electoral legislation and practice, the practical implementation of electoral laws and laws related to political parties (including financing of political parties and electoral processes) remains problematic to several extents. One of the most crucial, structural and recurrent challenges, raised on a regular basis in election observation missions’ reports in most of the countries observed, is the misuse of administrative resources, also called public resources, during electoral processes. This practice is an established and widespread phenomenon not only in Europe but also for example in the Americas and in Central Asia, including in countries with a long-standing tradition of democratic elections. The Venice Commission believes that there are among the Venice Commission member states inherent weaknesses in legislation and in practice that may lead to the misuse of administrative resources, potentially giving an undue advantage to incumbent political parties and candidates vis-à-vis their challengers, thus affecting the equality of electoral processes and the freedom of voters to form an opinion.