It is important to note that both in countries with strong and longstanding legal traditions and in those with thin legal frameworks, there are two key elements to protect administrative resources during the whole electoral process: firstly, the enforcement of existing laws and secondly, the well-functioning of institutions where self-regulation can be exercised by the political community. The latter involves a real possibility for non-incumbent political parties and candidates to publicise and institutionally channel grievances against the misuse of administrative resources. Independent, impartial and open institutions strengthen and incentivise a culture of legality and a democratic environment.