The Electoral Code of Belgium sanctions persons who promise jobs in public or private sectors (Article 182). The Code also prohibits promises made to persons against their vote or their abstention (Article 187) In practice, the OSCE/ODIHR underlines in its report following the 10 June 2007 federal elections that the legal framework “is in some aspects advantageous to established parties, but this has not hindered new parties from emerging in the last decades, contributing to an already heterogeneous political landscape”.