In the European context, it should be referred to the following decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and of the Constitutional courts (or equivalent bodies) (by chronological order):

- European Court of Human Rights’ case-law:

United Kingdom, case of Ahmed and others v. the United Kingdom, on the need of governmental neutrality during electoral campaigns in the United Kingdom;

Russian Federation, case of Republican Party of Russia v. Russia, on the dissolution of the Republican Party of Russia and illustrating the misuse of administrative resources;

Russian Federation, case Russian Communist Party and Others v. Russia, on media access, in the European Court of Human Rights, ruling of 19 June 2012; and

- Constitutional courts’ case-law (or equivalent bodies):

France, on municipal servants’ intervention in electoral campaign;

Armenia, on neutrality required from Armenian public servants standing for election;

Ireland, in the case McCrystal v. Minister for Children and Youth Affairs & ors, on an Irish referendum, which refers to the British Electoral Commission principle that every democratic exercise, such as elections or referendums, should be based on trust and participation, and must stay away from any undue influence;

Ukraine, in the case on Election of the President of Ukraine, the Constitutional Court highlights the importance to safeguard the voters' will to elect a candidate running for the presidency. The legislation bans the bodies of executive power and local self-governance, as well as their officials and officers from participating in electoral campaigns so as to avoid pressure on voters and ensure freedom of expression.