Also, a distinction should be made whether these public officials are politically appointed or not. Then it has to be assessed whether they performed their duties in conformity with the law and impartially (i.e. in the public interest) or whether they performed them still in conformity with the law but also with loyalty and good faith vis-à-vis the public political authority which appointed them. Public officials should not perform their duties for purely political interests of the party(ies) in power. Moreover, public officials should not be subject to pressure and influence in the professional context. In order to draw a distinction between both categories, using legislation is not sufficient. There is also a need that those civil servants strive to develop and maintain high ethical standards in their work. Therefore, it is not only a question of the culture of political stakeholders but it is also a question of the professional standards of conduct of the civil servants or of a professional culture of public administration. Codes of good practice and ethical standards – particularly with regard to the issues of electoral administration and electoral disputes – should be identified and incorporated into readily available resources for public servants.