Statistical methods can identify such anomalies in election results. However, they can neither show definitively whether elections have been subject to illegitimate manipulation, nor can they confirm that elections have been conducted correctly and fairly. Instead, the interpretation of statistical tests, and possible confounding factors, requires sound knowledge of the electoral process in the country under study, and of the electoral geography (Myagkov et al., 2009: 267, Leemann and Bochsler, 2014). Statistical analyses can complement and improve the assessment of elections if they are employed in combination with related information, e.g. from election specialists, knowledge of the electoral geography, and qualitative observation of the electoral process by media, civil society or international observers.