Council of Europe - Venice Commission

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 55; Article 56; Article 63; Article 64;

MOLDOVA- Law on the Election of the President (1996)

Article 3;

MOLDOVA_Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

Article 1; Article 155; Article 19; Article 80; Article 88; Article 94;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 111 (a); Article 111 (b); Article 111 (c); Article 111 (d); Article 111 (e); Article 111 (f); Article 111 (g); Article 111 (h);

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 111; Article 111a; Article 111b; Article 111d; Article 111e; Article 111g; Article 111v; Article 111ž; Article 111đ;

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (1989)

Article 2M14 (M14);

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (2013)

Section J39;

NORTH MACEDONIA - ELECTORAL CODE (2019)

Article 100; Article 105; Article 106; Article 113; Article 117; Article 119 (a); Article 126; Article 131; Article 161; Article 162 (a); Article 2; Article 22; Article 31; Article 92;

NORWAY - Election Act (2018)

Paragraph 15 (10);

NORWAY - Election Act (2021)

Section 15 (10);

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

Article 103 (c); Article 50;

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

Article 50;

POLAND - Election Code Amendments (2023)

Article 103 (c); Article 50;

POLAND - Election of the President (2004)

Article 54; Article 57; Article 61; Article 63; Article 65;

POLAND - Parliamentary Election Law (2001)

Article 39; Article 61;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

Article 125; Article 26; Article 32; Article 32; Article 92;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 1; Article 155; Article 19; Article 80; Article 88; Article 94;

ROMANIA - Law for the Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2022)

Article 128; Article 129;

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 32; Article 83;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 18; Article 89; Article 90 ;

ROMANIA - LAW No. 208 of 20 July 2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2024)

Article 18; Article 89; Article 90;

ROMANIA - Law no. 208/2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2015)

Article 89; Article 90;

ROMANIA - Law no. 33 on the Rules and Regulations on the Elections to the european Parliament (2009)

Article 19(4); Article 25; Articloe 19(3);

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 18; Article 89; Article 90;

ROMANIA - Law on the Organisation and Conduct of the Elections to the European Parliament (2022)

Article 45;

ROMANIA- Regulations on The Elections To The Chamber of Deputies and The Senate (2008)

Article 2 ; Article 43; Article 8;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens to Participate in a Referendum (2002)

Article 30; Article 68;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 30; Article 61; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 68; Article 74;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2016)

Article 11; Article 32; Article 33; Article 34; Article 35; Article 4; Article 81; Article 82; Article 83; Article 85; Article 87; Article 88; Article 93;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Presidential Elections in the Russian Federation (2011)

Article 11; Article 23; Article 24; Article 3; Article 71; Article 74; Article 75; Article 80; Article 88;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (1993)

Article 118;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (2000)

Article 28;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2020)

Article 109; Article 32; Article 64;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2022)

Article 107; Article 118; Article 161; Article 162; Article 163; Article 164; Article 165; Article 166; Article 167; Article 168; Article 173; Article 49; Article 54; Article 8; Article 80; Article 95;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2011)

Article 109; Article 32; Article 64;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Representatives (2000)

Article 64; Article 69;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of the President of the Republic (2022)

Article 25;

SLOVAKIA - Act on conditions for the exercise of the right to vote (2019)

Article 111 ; Article 127; Article 154 ; Article 186 ; Article 193 ; Article 212 ; Article 27 ; Article 64 ; Article 91 ;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the Bodies of Self-government Regions and on Amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure (2001)

Article 31; Article 34;

SLOVENIA- National Assembly Elections Act (2000)

Article 30; Article 31; Article 77; Article 78; Article 85;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

Article 82; Article 86;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 100; Article 105; Article 106; Article 113; Article 117; Article 119 (a); Article 126; Article 131; Article 161; Article 162; Article 162 (a); Article 2; Article 31; Article 92;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Election of Members of Parliament (1998)

Article 109; Article 110; Article 78;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Local Elections (2004)

Article 83;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Basic Provisions of Elections and Voter Registers (2014)

Article 100; Article 107; Article 108; Article 26; Article 72; Article 77; Article 82;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

Article 25; Article 72;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of Deputies of Local Radas and of Village, Settlement, City Chairmen (1998)

Article 35;

UKRAINE - Law on All-Ukrainian and Local Referendums (1991)

Article 42;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 59; Article 61; Article 67;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2005)

Article 34; Article 72; Article 74; Article 75; Article 76; Article 77; Article 81;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the People's Deputies (2016)

Article 107. ; Article 108.; Article 34.; Article 35. ; Article 78.; Article 79. ; Article 82. ; Article 83.; Article 84.; Article 86. ; Article 91.; Article 93. ; Article 94.; Article 95. ; Article 96.; Article 96.1.; Article 98. ;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the President (2004)

Article 12; Article 26; Article 28; Article 68; Article 69; Article 70; Article 77; Article 78; Article 79; Article 83;

UKRAINE - Law on the Central Election Commission (2004)

Article 24;

ALBANIA - Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 23; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 49;

ALBANIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2009)

Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77;

ARMENIA - Joint Final Opinion on The Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 11;

ARMENIA - Joint Interim Opinion on the new draft Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 10;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2023)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 16 ; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraphe 32;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draf Electoral Code (As of 18 April 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 88; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 92; Paragraph 93; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 87;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Referendum (2017)

Paragraph 28; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 9;

ARMENIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Amendemnts to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 103; Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105;

ARMENIA - Second Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (As Amended on 30 June 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67;

ARMENIA- Final Opinion on the Amendments to the Electoral Code (2005)

Paragraph 26;

AZERBAIJAN - Final Opinion on the amendments to the Election Code (2005)

Paragraph 22; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 59;

AZERBAIJAN - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on amendments and changes to the Electoral Code adopted by the Council for Democratic Elections and the Venice Commission (2008)

Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26;

BELARUS - Joint Opinion on the Amendments to the Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus (2010)

Paragraph 5.56 (.56);

BELARUS - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Legislation (2006)

Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 84;

BULGARIA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code (2017)

Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75;

BULGARIA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Election Code (2014)

Paragraph 79;

BULGARIA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2011)

Paragraph 15.67 (.67);

GEORGIA - Joint opinion on draft amendments to the Election Code and the Law on Political Associations of Citizens (2022)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 9;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2006)

Paragraph 112; Paragraph 113; Paragraph 114;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 124; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 7.33 (.33); Paragraph 8.35 (.35); Paragraph 8.39 (.39); Paragraph 8.39 (.39);

GEORGIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Election Code (2021)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 3; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2002)

Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2004)

Paragraph 34; Paragraph 45;

GEORGIA - Urgent Joint Opinion Revised Draft Amendments to the Election Code (2021)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 8;

GEORGIA – Follow-up Opinion to the Joint Opinion of the Venice Commission and ODIHR on the Draft Amendments to the Election Code and to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament (2024)

Paragraph 18;

GERMANY - Joint Opinion on the Amendments to the Federal Election Act (2023)

Paragraph 40; Paragraph 54;

HAITI - Final Opinion on Possible Constitutional and Legislative Solutions to Conduct Future Electoral Processes (2024)

Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 106; Paragraph 107; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 97 ;

HAITI - Opinion on the draft referendum decree (2025)

Section 45. ; Section 46.; Section 47. ;

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion on the 2020 Amendments to the Electoral Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 64;

Joint Guidelines for Preventing and Responding to the Misuse of Administrative Resources during Electoral Processes (2016)

II - B. Prevention of the misuse of administrative resources (3. Political will); Paragraph 1; Paragraph 4;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, The Draft Law on Elections to Local Governments and the Draft Law on the Formation of Election Commissions (2011)

Paragraph 108;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC- Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Law (2014)

Paragraph 112; Paragraph 113; Paragraph 119;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code and other Related Laws Concerning Ineligibility of Persons Connected to Political Parties Declared Unconstitutional (2023)

Paragraph 20; Paragraph 32;

MOLDOVA – Urgent joint opinion on the draft Law no. 263 amending the Electoral Code, the Contravention Code and the Code of Audiovisual Media Services (2020)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Working Text amending the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 4.49 (.49);

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2007)

Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 23; Paragraph 92; Paragraph 93; Paragraph 94; Paragraph 95; Paragraph 96;

MOLDOVA- Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 89;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Election Law (2003)

Paragraph 108; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 90;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Law of the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit of the Election of the Governor of Gagauzia (2007)

Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87;

MONTENEGRO- Opinion on the Compatibility of the Existing Legislation Concerning the Organisation of Referendums with Applicable International Standards (2005)

Paragraph 17;

Principles for a Fundamental Rights-Complaint use of Digital Technologies in Electoral Processes (2020)

Paragraph 100;

Report on Election Dispute Resolution (2020)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 9;

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 188; Paragraph 189; Paragraph 190; Paragraph 191; Paragraph 230;

Report on the Compliance with Council of Europe and other International Standards of the Inclusion of a not Internationally Recognised Territory into a Nationwide Constituency for Parliamentary Elections (2019)

Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 33;

Report on the Identification of Electoral Irregularities by Statistical Methods (2018)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81;

Report on the Identification of Electoral Irregularities by Statistical Methods (2018)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81;

Report on the Misuse of Administrative Resources during Electoral Processes (2013)

Paragraph 1; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 9; Paragraph 93;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Code (2022)

Paragraph 108;

Revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums (2022)

3.2; 3.2 (19); 4 (2);

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 154; Paragraph 155; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 70;

SERBIA - Joint Recommendations on the Laws on Parliamentary, Presidential and Local Elections and Electoral Administration (2006)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28;

SERBIA - Urgent Opinion on the Draft Law on the Referendum and the People's Initiative (2021)

Paragraph 38; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 44;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 154; Paragraph 155; Paragraph 156; Paragraph 16;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Revised Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 3K.76 (K.76); Paragraph 3O.91 (O.91); Paragraph 3O.96 (O.96);

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Legislation and Related "Harmonisation Laws" Adopted in March and April 2018 (2018)

Paragraph 60;

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on the Amendmets to the Electoral Legislation by Law No. 7393 of 31 March 2022 (2022)

Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53;

TÜRKIYE - Opinion on the Replacement of Elected Candidates and Mayors (2020)

Paragraph 5; Paragraph 6;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law "On Improving the Procedure for Establishing the Impossibility of Holding National and Local Elections, All-Ukranian and Local Referendums in Certain Territories and Polling Stations" (2021)

Paragraph 36;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law No. 3366 about Elections to the Parliament (2009)

Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 9;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2011)

Paragraph 101; Paragraph 97; Paragraph 98;

UKRAINE - Opinion on the Draft Election Code of the Verkhovna Rada (2010)

Paragraph 3.12 (.12);

UKRAINE - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law 3612 on Democracy Through All-Ukraine Referendum (2020)

Paragraph 101; Paragraph 102; Paragraph 13;

UKRAINE- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on the state register of voters of Ukraine submitted by people's Deputies of Ukraine, Mr O. Zadorozhny and Yu. Klyuchkovsky (2006)

Paragraph 8;

UKRAINE- Opinion on the draft Law on election of people's deputies (Draft introducted by people's deputies S. Havrish, Y. Ioffe and H. Dashutin) (2003)

Paragraph 41;

UNITED KINGDOM - Opinion on the code of Practice on Observing Elections (2010)

Paragraph 2.6 (.6); Paragraph 3.7 (.7); Paragraph 4.12 (.12); Paragraph 5.15 (.15); Paragraph 6.16 (.16); Paragraph 7.18 (.18);

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