The complexity inherent to electoral processes as well as the involvement of political actors and politically sensitive issues inevitably lead to disputes. Such disputes are a natural part of a lively domestic political life, which in turn is a natural part of a lively pluralistic system. The adjudication of electoral disputes – also called election dispute resolution systems – is therefore a crucial element of an effective and functional electoral governance so as to ensure confidence in electoral processes. The issue is regularly addressed by electoral opinions of the Venice Commission and the OSCE/ODIHR as well as by international observers in their election observation missions’ reports, especially reports from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe8 and of the OSCE/ODIHR. Additionally, election dispute resolution systems have been subject to a number of judgments and decisions by the European Court of Human Rights under Article 3 of Protocol No. 1. In general terms, it has been observed that there have been structural problems while dealing with electoral disputes both in law and in practice in a number of Venice Commission’s member States.