In some countries unsupervised remote voting from abroad is restricted to specific types of elections and/or referenda. This is the case in Italy and in France. In Italy, postal voting abroad is permitted only for “political electoral consultations” and “constituent referendums”. There is no supervision of the vote (law n° 459 of 27 December 2001). In France, remote voting has been made available on an experimental basis since 2003 in the North America constituency, for elections to the “Higher Council of French Citizens Abroad” (Order n° 2003-396).