Home > 3.2 Proportional systems > Report on the Thresholds and other Features of Electoral Systems which bar Parties from acces to Parliament (II)
 
 
 
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Paragraph 35
 

This was highlighted more than 40 years ago by Douglas Rae in The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws (Yale University Press, 1967) but it continues to be generally ignored despite the fact that it is far more important than the eternal issue of how precisely to define proportionality. We will not consider the latter here since every system is based on the highest average principle (except possibly for the last seats, but the effect is marginal) and it has little to do with the question of thresholds.