There is no fundamental change with the replacement of the threshold from 3% (parties) or 5 % (coalitions) at regional level to 1 % nationally (Article 162(1) of the Electoral Code). Like the former, the new threshold should be ineffective due to the natural threshold linked to the size of constituencies, except, possibly, for individual candidates and parties representing (small, concentrated) national minorities. An exception for the latter could therefore be considered after the 2021 elections.