In closed-list systems, the political parties compose, in each constituency, their candidate lists, which remain closed. Such candidate lists usually include a number of candidates equal to the number of members to be elected in the constituency. The order of the candidates on each party list is usually determined either by a central party committee, or by a constituency-level party body, or by a primary election involving local party members. The political party or the coalition establishing a candidate list consequently decides on the mandate allocation within the list. Such systems are therefore proportional but not preferential. They focus on political parties and give them control on translation of the votes cast for their lists into seats.