Home > 3.2 Proportional systems > Report on Proportional Electoral Systems: The Allocation of seats inside the lists (open/closed) lists
 
 
 
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Paragraph 21
 

The voters may vote only for a candidate list, therefore not making preferences inside the list or supporting one or more candidates. As a consequence, voters already know before the elections which candidate receives the first seat, the second, the third, etc. Thus, this implies strong and cohesive political parties or coalitions, supported by closed lists in which party elites can forge alliances across party lines and promote top-down politics.