Among the 25 countries using a closed-list system, a selection of countries with a closed-list system is reflected in this report, first regarding countries with a mixed system, secondly regarding countries with a proportional system. In the countries using a mixed system, each voter votes for the single-member plurality or majority component and for the proportional component. In the majoritarian component, the voter votes for an individual candidate in his/her constituency. In the proportional component, the voter votes for a party list of his/her choice, either in a nationwide constituency or in a specific constituency in the context of a multi-member proportional system. For instance, the voters cast their proportional votes in a nationwide constituency in Hungary, Republic of Korea, Mexico (Senate)and Ukraine In contrast, the voters cast their proportional votes in their respective constituencies in a multi-member proportional system for instance in Georgiaand Germany. This is also the case in Italy (proportional system with “majority premium”).