According to OSCE/ODIHR electoral observation reports, for example, in Turkey grounds for ineligibility for Parliament include criminal convictions for a broad range of crimes, including minor offences, even if pardoned. As for presidential elections, there are even lifetime bans for convicts. Whilst in the Russian Federation lifetime bans on candidacy rights have been removed, citizens with non-expunged criminal records are not eligible to stand there as candidates. While this is also the practice in several other states, in the Russian Federation the right to stand is also denied to individuals with expunged records for grave or especially grave offences, for an additional period of 10 and 15 years, respectively. Particularly restrictions on citizens with an expunged criminal record are at odds with the principle of proportionality and are contrary to international standards.