The ECtHR in its case-law has established that any restrictions and eventual prohibition and measures to dissolve political parties must fulfil the following requirements: 1) The measures must be exceptional, justified only in extreme cases of advocating the use of violence and endangering the democratic political order or citizen’s fundamental rights. 2) The measure must be proportionate to the aim pursued, being a last resort, and less radical measures should be taken, if possible. 3.) The measure must not be used arbitrarily and meet judicial guarantees of fair and due process. Taking into consideration the fundamental role of political parties in the functioning of a pluralist democracy, these principles are also reflected in Council of Europe resolutions and reports (see the texts quoted in the Venice Commission compilation, CDL-PI(2016)003).