In order to ensure transparency and accountability of the electoral process, consideration could also be given to providing regulations for any campaigning by third parties. The term “third party” refers to individuals, associations and organisations not legally tied to any candidate or political party, which, in the course of an election, campaign in support of or in opposition to a candidate or a political party. While third-party involvement in itself may be seen as expression of citizens’ involvement in politics, with respect for democratic participation and fundamental rights, including freedom of association and expression it should be transparent and limited to prevent the circumvention of the rules on financing and in particular the prohibition of financing by legal persons. While in some CoE member states third parties are banned from (indirect) campaign spending or spending limit exists, in almost all cases third party activities are not appropriately regulated.