Thanks to national and international efforts, in a number of countries electoral law amendments have made significant improvements with regard to provisions that aim to ensure equal campaigns opportunities for election contestants. However, in several cases, electoral campaigns are under-regulated (e.g. Cyprus, North Macedonia) or even unregulated (e.g. Austria, Norway) in the electoral law. Even more important, however, are problems of implementation. Unfortunately, in some elections (e.g. in Azerbaijan) there was a lack of genuine competition, and voters were not provided with a meaningful choice due to a lack of real political debate.