Council of Europe - Venice Commission

ALBANIA - Constitution (2016)

Article 68;

ALBANIA - Constitution of Albania (2020)

Article 68;

CROATIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2013)

Article 125;

GERMANY - Constitution (2022)

Article 48;

KOREA - Constitution (1987)

Article 116;

MOROCCO - Constitution (2011)

Article 11;

SWITZERLAND - Constitution (2020)

Article 139 (b);

02. ESTONIA - Municipal Council Election Act (2025)

Article 6 ;

03. ESTONIA - Referendum Act ()

Article 10 ;

04. ESTONIA - Riigikogu Election Act (2024)

Article 11;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 88; Article 90;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania (2020)

Article 1 ; Article 19; Article 79; Article 80 ; Article 84; Article 84 (1); Article 85; Article 91; Article 92 (4);

ANDORRA - Electoral Law (2007)

Article 26; Article 29; Article 30; Article 47; Article 61;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2002)

Article 113; Article 129; Article 18; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 23; Article 81;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2021)

Article 115; Article 116; Article 138; Article 139; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29; Article 92; Article 93; Article 94;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 116 ; Article 138 ; Article 139; Article 19 ; Article 21 ; Article 22 ; Article 23 ; Article 27 ; Article 28 ; Article 29 ; Article 51 ; Article 92 ; Article 93 ; Article 93 (1); Article 94 ;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2016)

Article 115; Article 116; Article 138; Article 139; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 23; Article 27; Article 28; Article 92; Article 93; Article 94;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2018)

Article 115; Article 116; Article 138; Article 139; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29; Article 92; Article 93; Article 94;

ARMENIA - Law on Referendum (2001)

Article 20;

ARMENIA- Electoral Code (2007)

Article 113; Article 128; Article 129; Article 18; Article 19; Article 22; Article 23; Article 81;

AUSTRIA - Federal Law on National Council Elections (Regulations on National Council Elections 1992 – NRWO) (1992)

§ 14; § 42; § 44; § 58;

AUSTRIA - Federal Presidential Election Act (2016)

Section 24 (a);

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2003)

Article 11; Article 15; Article 49; Article 71; Article 74; Article 75; Article 76; Article 77; Article 78; Article 79; Article 80; Article 81; Article 82; Article 83; Article 84; Article 85; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2013)

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2019)

AZERBAIJAN - Law on Local Elections (1999)

Article 29; Article 34;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2000)

Article 155; Article 22; Article 23; Article 26;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 45; Article 45 (1); Article 46; Article 47; Article 74; Article 75; Article 76;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2013)

Article 45; Article 45 (1); Article 46; Article 47; Article 74; Article 75; Article 76;

BiH_Election_Law_last amended 2024 (2001)

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

1 (11); Article 7 (1); Article 7 (2); Article 7 (4);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2016)

Article 1.1 (a); Article 1.11; Article 4.4; Article 7.1; Article 7.2;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINIA - Election Law (2001)

Article 2.18 (.18); Article 7.01 (.01); Article 7.02 (.02); Article 7.03 (.03); Article 7.04 (.04);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2018)

Article 1 (11); Article 7 (1); Article 7 (2); Article 7 (4);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (11); Article 7 (1); Article 7 (2); Article 7 (4);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (11); Article 7 (1); Article 7 (2); Article 7 (4);

BULGARIA - Election Code (2019)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2020)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2021)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2014)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2023)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2017)

BULGARIA- Act on Election of Members of Parliament (2001)

Article 108; Article 27; Article 29;

BULGARIA- Presidential Elections Act (1991)

Article 10; Article 11d (d); Article 12;

CANADA - Canada Elections Act (2023)

Paragraph 320; Paragraph 322; Paragraph 323; Paragraph 324; Paragraph 325 (1); Paragraph 325 (2); Paragraph 349 (5); Paragraph 349 (6); Paragraph 477 (55); Paragraph 477 (551); Paragraph 81;

CANADA - Elections Act (2019)

Article 2; Article 319; Article 320; Article 322; Article 323; Article 324; Article 325 (1); Article 325 (2); Article 348 (01); Article 348 (02); Article 348 (03); Article 348 (04); Article 348 (05); Article 348 (06); Article 348 (07); Article 348 (08); Article 348 (09); Article 348 (11); Article 348 (12); Article 349; Article 349 (01); Article 349 (03); Article 349 (1); Article 349 (3); Article 349 (5); Article 349 (6); Article 349 (9); Article 349 (91); Article 349 (92); Article 350; Article 351 (01); Article 352; Article 353; Article 357; Article 358 (1); Article 359; Article 362; Article 364; Article 374 (1); Article 374 (2); Article 448; Article 449 (1); Article 449 (2); Article 456; Article 476 (71); Article 477 (46); Article 477 (55); Article 477 (551); Article 478 (3); Article 478 (5); Article 478 (61); Article 81 (1);

COSTA RICA - Electoral Act (2009)

ARTICLE 100; ARTICLE 101; ARTICLE 102; ARTICLE 103; ARTICLE 104; ARTICLE 106; ARTICLE 108; ARTICLE 109; ARTICLE 110; ARTICLE 111; ARTICLE 112; ARTICLE 113; ARTICLE 114; ARTICLE 115; ARTICLE 116; ARTICLE 117; ARTICLE 118; ARTICLE 119; ARTICLE 12 ; ARTICLE 120; ARTICLE 121; ARTICLE 122 ; ARTICLE 123; ARTICLE 125; ARTICLE 126 ; ARTICLE 127; ARTICLE 128; ARTICLE 129; ARTICLE 130; ARTICLE 131; ARTICLE 132; ARTICLE 133; ARTICLE 134; ARTICLE 135; ARTICLE 136 ; ARTICLE 137; ARTICLE 138 ; ARTICLE 139; ARTICLE 140; ARTICLE 141; ARTICLE 142; ARTICLE 146; ARTICLE 149; ARTICLE 163; ARTICLE 306; ARTICLE 89; ARTICLE 90; ARTICLE 91; ARTICLE 92; ARTICLE 93; ARTICLE 94; ARTICLE 95; ARTICLE 96; ARTICLE 97; ARTICLE 98; ARTICLE 99;

CROATIA - Act on Amendments to the Act on the Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (2015)

Article 22;

CROATIA - Act on Amendments to the Act on the Election of the President of the Republic (2014)

Article 1; Article 2; Article 3;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Municipality Heads, Mayors, County Prefects and Mayor of City of Zagreb (2007)

Article 24;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (1999)

Article 16; Article 28; Article 31; Article 32; Article 35; Article 55; Article 90; Article 91; Article 93;

CROATIA - Act on Local Elections 2012 and Act on Amendments 2016 (2012)

Article 32; Article 33; Article 34; Article 35; Article 36; Article 37; Article 38; Article 48; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53;

CROATIA - Act on the Election of National Minority Councils and Representatives (2019)

Article 27; Article 28; Article 29; Article 58;

CROATIA - Law on the Election of Members of the Representative Bodies of Local and Regional Self-government Units (2001)

Article 18; Article 21;

CROATIA - Law on the Election of the President (2011)

Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 19; Article 22;

CROATIA - Parliamentary Elections Act (2015)

Article 28; Article 29; Article 30;

CZECH REPUBLIC - Act on Elections to the Parliament (2006)

Article 16; Article 85;

CZECH REPUBLIC- Act on Elections to the Parliament and on Amendments of Certain Other Acts (1995)

Article 16;

DENMARK - Consolidated Act Concerning the Election of the Danish Members of the European Parliament (2024)

Section 48;

DENMARK - Local and Regional Government Elections Act (2024)

Section 44;

ESTONIA - Riigikogu Election Act (2020)

Paragraph 11;

ESTONIA - Municipal Council Election Act (2020)

Paragraph 7;

ESTONIA - Parliamentary Election Act (2002)

Article 5;

ESTONIA - Parliamentary Election Act (2016)

§ 11. ; § 5.; § 5.1;

ESTONIA - Referendum Act (2002)

Article 10; Article 14; Article 67;

ESTONIA - Referendum Act (2020)

Paragraph 10;

ESTONIA - Referendum Act (2016)

§ 20.;

ESTONIA – Local Government Council Election Act (1999)

Article 30; Article 8;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2021)

GEORGIA - Election Code (2016)

Article 185 (9); Article 45; Article 46; Article 49; Article 50; Article 51; Article 54 ; Article 79; Article 80; Article 81; Article 82; Article 83; Article 85; Article 86; Article 88;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2018)

Article 185 (9); Article 45; Article 46; Article 49; Article 50; Article 51; Article 54; Article 79; Article 80; Article 81; Article 82; Article 83; Article 85; Article 86; Article 88;

HUNGARY - Act C on Electoral Procedure (1997)

Article 106; Article 91;

HUNGARY - Act CCXXXVIII of 2013 on Initiating Referendums, the European Citizens’ Initiative and Referendum Procedure (2013)

23. The referendum campaign (69. §); 31. Legal remedies (79. § );

HUNGARY - Act LXXXVII of 2013 on the Transparency of Campaign Costs related to the Election of the Members of the Parliament (2013)

Section 5 ; Section 1; Section 15; Section 2; Section 2 (A ); Section 3 ; Section 3 (A); Section 4 ; Section 6 ; Section 7;

HUNGARY - Act XXIII of 2022 Amending Certain Electoral and Related Laws (2022)

Section 49;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (2024)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2018)

Section 139; Section 140; Section 141; Section 142; Section 143; Section 144; Section 145; Section 146; Section 147; Section 147 (A); Section 147 (B); Section 147 (F); Section 148; Section 149; Section 155; Section 317;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2013)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI on Election Procedure (2021)

HUNGARY_Act CCXXXVIII of 2013 on Initiating Referendums the European Citizens Initiative and Referendum Procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

Section 69 ; Section 79;

ICELAND - Act No. 24 Concerning Parliamentary Elections to the Althing (2008)

Article 117;

IRELAND - Electoral Act (2016)

Article 165; Article 57;

KAZAKHSTAN - Constitutional Act On Elections (2011)

Article 12; Article 18; Article 20; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29; Article 31; Article 32;

KOREA - Public Offical Election Act (2014)

57 (.3); 60 (.4); Article 100; Article 101; Article 102; Article 103; Article 104; Article 105; Article 106; Article 107; Article 108; Article 108 (.2); Article 109; Article 110; Article 111; Article 138; Article 205; Article 206; Article 207; Article 209; Article 211; Article 216; Article 218 (.14); Article 218 (.15); Article 254; Article 255; Article 276; Article 58; Article 59; Article 60; Article 60 (.3); Article 61; Article 61 (.2); Article 63; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 68; Article 69; Article 70; Article 71; Article 72; Article 73; Article 74; Article 79; Article 80; Article 81; Article 82; Article 82 (.2); Article 82 (.3); Article 82 (.4); Article 82 (.5); Article 82 (.7); Article 82.6; Article 83; Article 84; Article 85; Article 86; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88; Article 89; Article 90; Article 91; Article 92; Article 93; Article 94; Article 95; Article 96; Article 97; Article 98; Article 99;

KOSOVO - Law No. 003/L-073 on General Elections and Amendments 2010 (2008)

Article 34; Article 47; Article 48; Article 49; Article 85;

KOSOVO - Law No. 03/L-072 on Local Elections (2008)

Article 17; Article 18;

KOSOVO - Law on General Elections in the Republic of Kosovo (2023)

Article 35; Article 44; Article 48; Article 49; Article 53; Article 85;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Electoral Code (2004)

Article 31; Article 34; Article 35;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Law on Election Commissions to Conduct Elections and Referenda (2015)

Article 21;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections (2015)

Article 20; Article 22; Article 23; Article 24; Article 25; Article 26; Article 27; Article 28; Article 41; Article 42;

KYRGYZSTAN - Law on Elections of the President of the Republic and the Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh (2020)

Article 20; Article 21 (1); Article 22; Article 23; Article 24; Article 25; Article 26; Article 27; Article 28; Article 41; Article 42;

LATVIA - Law on the Election of Local Government Councils (2020)

Section 28. ; Section 47. ; Section 51. ;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (1998)

Article 19; Article 22;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (2014)

Article 15;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to Municipal Councils (2012)

Article 47; Article 53;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2012)

Article 46; Article 47; Article 48; Article 49; Article 5.1 (.1); Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 55; Article 56; Article 85;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2016)

Article 16; Article 5 (1); Article 50; Article 51; Article 54; Article 55; Article 56;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2018)

Article 16; Article 50; Article 51; Article 54; Article 56;

LITHUANIA - Law on Presidential Elections (2012)

Article 41; Article 42; Article 43; Article 44; Article 45; Article 46; Article 47; Article 48; Article 49; Article 8; Article 9;

LITHUANIA - Law on Presidential Elections (2013)

Article 41; Article 42; Article 43; Article 44; Article 45; Article 46; Article 47; Article 48; Article 49;

LITHUANIA - Law on Referendum (2002)

Article 16;

LITHUANIA - Law on the Elections to the European Parliament (2003)

Article 4.1 (.1); Article 45; Article 46; Article 47; Article 48; Article 49; Article 50; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54;

MALTA - Act to Regulate the Formation, the Structures, Functioning and Financing of Political Parties and their Participation in Elections (2015)

Article 2; Article 28;

MALTA- General Elections Act (1996)

Article 111; Article 114; Article 116; Article 65; Article 65; Article 81; Article 82;

MEXICO - General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures of Mexico (2014)

MEXICO - General Law on Political Parties (2014)

Article 21; Article 25; Article 39; Article 43; Article 56; Article 61; Article 64; Article 70; Article 71; Article 75; Article 76; Article 77; Article 79; Article 80; Article 83; Article 84; Article 91; Article 92;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2019)

Article 1; Article 116; Article 140; Article 15; Article 173; Article 204; Article 26; Article 40; Article 50; Article 51; Article 52; Article 76; Article 77; Article 90;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

Article 129; Article 163; Article 194; Article 37; Article 44; Article 45; Article 46; Article 47; Article 70; Article 71; Article I. (17); Article I. (18); Article I. (30. Article 85);

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 128; Article 163; Article 194; Article 32; Article 45; Article 82;

MOLDOVA_Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 50; Article 50 (a); Article 51; Article 51 (a); Article 53; Article 53 (a); Article 54; Article 55; Article 56; Article 58; Article 60; Article 61; Article 62; Article 64; Article 64 (a);

MONTENEGRO - Law on the Election of the President (2023)

Article 22;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Voter Register (2023)

Article 13;

MONTENEGRO - The Decree on Proclamation of the Law on Election of the President of Montenegro (2016)

Article 22;

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

NORTH MACEDONIA - ELECTORAL CODE (2019)

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

POLAND - Election Code Amendments (2023)

Article 135 ; Article 138; Article 199; Article 259 ;

POLAND - Election of the President (2004)

Article 76c (c); Article 83a (a);

POLAND - Parliamentary Election Law (2001)

Article 504; Article 85; Article 91;

PORTUGAL - Electoral Law (2015)

PORTUGAL - Law Governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic (2020)

PORTUGAL - National Electoral Comission Law (1978)

Article 5; Article 6;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

ROMANIA - Law 115 for the Election of Local Public Administration, Authorities, Amending the Law of Local Public Adminsitration No. 215-2001 (2024)

Article 72;

ROMANIA - Law for the Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2022)

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 108; Article 119; Article 121; Article 128; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 68; Article 69; Article 70; Article 72; Article 74; Article 77; Article 79; Article 80;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 100; Article 103; Article 103 (1); Article 119; Article 6 ; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 69; Article 70; Article 71; Article 72; Article 73; Article 74; Article 75; Article 79; Article 80; Article 84;

ROMANIA - LAW No. 208 of 20 July 2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2024)

Article 100; Article 103; Article 103 (1); Article 119; Article 6; Article 66; Article 67; Article 69; Article 70; Article 71; Article 73; Article 74; Article 75; Article 79; Article 80; Article 84;

ROMANIA - Law no. 208/2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2015)

Article 119; Article 6; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 68; Article 69; Article 70; Article 73; Article 74; Article 75; Article 77;

ROMANIA - Law no. 33 on the Rules and Regulations on the Elections to the european Parliament (2009)

Article 16; Article 17; Article 17(1); Article 18 ; Article 18(3);

ROMANIA - Law No. 334 (2006)

Article 15; Article 28; Article 30; Article 31; Article 34; Article 36; Article 37; Article 38; Article 39 ; Article 40; Article 41; Article 41 (1); Article 63;

ROMANIA - Law no. 334/2006 on financing the activity of political parties and electoral campaigns (2006)

Article 11; Article 26; Article 29; Article 30; Article 34;

ROMANIA - Law No. 370 (2024)

Article 17; Article 35; Article 37; Article 38; Article 40; Article 41; Article 43; Article 54; Article 55;

ROMANIA - Law no. 370 on the election of the President of Romania Republished (2004)

Article 35; Article 37; Article 38; Article 41; Article 42; Article 54;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the President of Romania (2022)

Article 17; Article 35; Article 37; Article 38; Article 40; Article 41; Article 43; Article 54; Article 55;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 100; Article 103; Article 119; Article 6; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 69; Article 70; Article 71; Article 72; Article 73; Article 74; Article 75; Article 79; Article 80; Article 84;

ROMANIA - Law on the Organisation and Conduct of the Elections to the European Parliament (2022)

Article 35; Article 36; Article 38; Article 39; Article 40; Article 41; Article 6;

ROMANIA - Regulations for the 2016 Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2015)

Article 100;

ROMANIA- Regulations on The Elections To The Chamber of Deputies and The Senate (2008)

Article 2 ; Article 37; Article 38; Article 7;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens to Participate in a Referendum (2002)

Article 11; Article 48; Article 49; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 56; Article 59;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 11; Article 40; Article 40; Article 44; Article 48; Article 49; Article 50; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 56;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2016)

Article 100; Article 29; Article 30; Article 31; Article 4; Article 53; Article 55; Article 57; Article 62; Article 63; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 68; Article 69; Article 9; Article 99;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Presidential Elections in the Russian Federation (2011)

Article 3; Article 41; Article 49; Article 50; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 55; Article 56; Article 8; Article 87;

SAN MARINO - Compilation of Electoral Legislation ()

Article 11; Article 20;

SAN MARINO - Compilation of Provisions Regulating the Election Campaign ()

Article 1; Article 10; Article 2; Article 3; Article 4; Article 5; Article 6; Article 7; Article 8; Article 9;

SERBIA - Law on Financing Political Activities (2019)

Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23; Article 24; Article 25; Article 26; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29; Article 30; Article 33; Article 35;

SERBIA - Law on Financing Political Activities (2022)

Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23; Article 24; Article 25; Article 26 ; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29 ; Article 30; Article 33;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2020)

Article 48; Article 49; Article 5;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2022)

Article 124; Article 125; Article 126; Article 127; Article 141; Article 142; Article 143; Article 144; Article 145; Article 146; Article 175; Article 6; Article 86;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2011)

Article 48; Article 49;

SERBIA - The Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (1997)

Article 5;

SLOVAKIA - Act of the National Council on Local Elections (1998)

Article 30; Article 30;

SLOVAKIA - Act on conditions for the exercise of the right to vote (2019)

Article 16 ;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Election Campaign (2019)

Article 1; Article 10; Article 11 ; Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 16; Article 17; Article 18 ; Article 19; Article 2 ; Article 20; Article 8 ;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts (2008)

Article 1 (Section 15 ); Article 1 (Section 16); Article 1 (Section 17 ); Article 1 (Section 18 ); Article 1 (Section 19 );

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the Bodies of Self-government Regions and on Amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure (2001)

Article 27;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the National Council (2004)

Section 24;

SLOVAKIA - Law on Procedure of the Election of the President, on Plebiscite and Removal of the President and on Supplementation of several other Laws (1999)

Article 15; Article 15; Article 17; Article 17;

SLOVENIA - Election of Members of the European Parliament Act (2004)

Article 8;

SLOVENIA - Elections and Referendum Campaign Act (2013)

SLOVENIA - Elections and Referendum Campaign Act (ZVRK) (2007)

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2006)

Article 5;

SLOVENIA- National Assembly Elections Act (2000)

Article 16; Article 5; Article 65;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

SWEDEN - Elections act (2021)

8.3;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Act on Political Rights (2015)

Article 76;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Law on Amending and Supplementing the Electoral Code published in “Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia” No.196/2015) (Article 82); Article 143; Article 179; Article 179 (b); Article 181 (a); Article 182; Article 183; Article 184; Article 185; Article 186; Article 187; Article 188; Article 189 (a); Article 2; Article 211; Article 31; Article 69 (a); Article 70; Article 71; Article 72; Article 73; Article 74 (a); Article 75; Article 75 (a); Article 75 (b); Article 75 (c); Article 75 (d); Article 75 (e); Article 75 (f); Article 76; Article 76 (a); Article 76 (b); Article 76 (c); Article 78; Article 78 (a); Article 79; Article 8-b; Article 80; Article 81; Article 82; Article 83 (b); Article 84; Article 84 (b); Article 85; Article 85 (a); Article 86; Law on Amending and Supplementing the Electoral Code published in “Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia” No.196/2015) (Article 83);

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Law on Referendum and Other Forms of Direct Vote of Citizens (2005)

Article 12;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Election of Members of Parliament (1998)

Article 47; Article 48; Article 55; Article 58; Article 59; Article 60;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Local Elections (2004)

Article 40; Article 41; Article 43; Article 44; Article 45;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Voters' List (2002)

Article 21;

TÜRKIYE - Amendments on Electoral Laws (2022)

Article 155 (Law On Basic Provisions Of Elections And Voter Reg); Article 65 & 66 (Law On Basic Provisions Of Elections And Voter Reg);

TÜRKIYE - Law on Basic Provisions of Elections and Voter Registers (2014)

TÜRKIYE - Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

TÜRKIYE - Law on Elections of Local Administrations and Neighborhood Mukhtars and Board of Elderman (2012)

Article 35; Provisional Article 2 ;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Presidential Elections with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

Article 13;

TÜRKIYE - Presidential Elections Law (2013)

Article 13; Article 14;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

Article 137; Article 14; Article 196; Article 47; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 55; Article 56; Article 57; Article 79;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

Article 137; Article 14 ; Article 196; Article 47; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 55 ; Article 56; Article 57; Article 79;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of Deputies of Local Radas and of Village, Settlement, City Chairmen (1998)

Article 33; Article 34; Article 36; Article 37; Article 38; Article 52;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 12; Article 50; Article 51; Article 56; Article 84;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2005)

Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 71;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the People's Deputies (2016)

Article 107. ; Article 11.; Article 68.; Article 69. ; Article 70.; Article 71. ; Article 72. ; Article 73.; Article 74.;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the President (2004)

Article 11; Article 14; Article 57; Article 58; Article 64; Article 90;

UKRAINE - Law on the Central Election Commission (2004)

Article 18; Article 19;

UNITED KINGDOM - Elections Act (2022)

Article 34; Article 54; Article 55;

UNITED KINGDOM - Elections Act (2024)

34; 39; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59;

UNITED KINGDOM - Political Parties and Elections Act (2009)

Article 23;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Amendements to the Constitution of 30 July of 2020 and to the Electoral Code of 5 Octobre 2020 (2020)

Paragraph 22; Paragraph 26;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on the Legislative Initiative of the Citizens (2018)

Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37;

ALBANIA - Opinion on the Scope of the Power of the President to set the Dates of Elections (2019)

Paragraph 48;

ARMENIA - Joint Final Opinion on The Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 9;

ARMENIA - Joint Interim Opinion on the new draft Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2023)

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draf Electoral Code (As of 18 April 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 73; Paragraph 108; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Constituional Law on Political Parties (2016)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Referendum (2017)

Paragraph 19; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 9;

ARMENIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Amendemnts to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 95; Paragraph 96; Paragraph 97;

ARMENIA - Second Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (As Amended on 30 June 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 74;

ARMENIA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 32; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40;

AZERBAIJAN - Final Opinion on the amendments to the Election Code (2005)

Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29;

AZERBAIJAN - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on amendments and changes to the Electoral Code adopted by the Council for Democratic Elections and the Venice Commission (2008)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 37;

BELARUS - Joint Opinion on the Amendments to the Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus (2010)

Paragraph 5.42 (.42);

BELARUS - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Legislation (2006)

Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 85;

BULGARIA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code (2017)

Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54;

BULGARIA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2011)

Paragraph 15.66 (.66); Paragraph 6; Paragraph 8;

CROATIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on the State Election Commission (2006)

Paragraph 57;

GEORGIA - Joint opinion on draft amendments to the Election Code and the Law on Political Associations of Citizens (2022)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 9;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Election Code and to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia (2023)

Paragraph 12;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Article 79 of the Election Code (2021)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2006)

Paragraph 99;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 27; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 11.51 (.51); Paragraph 11.53 (.53); Paragraph 9; Paragraph 9.43 (.43);

GEORGIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Election Code (2021)

Paragraph 53;

GEORGIA – Follow-up Opinion to the Joint Opinion of the Venice Commission and ODIHR on the Draft Amendments to the Election Code and to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament (2024)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29;

HAITI - Final Opinion on Possible Constitutional and Legislative Solutions to Conduct Future Electoral Processes (2024)

Paragraph 108; Paragraph 109; Paragraph 110; Paragraph 111; Paragraph 113; Paragraph 114; Paragraph 115;

Joint Guidelines for Preventing and Responding to the Misuse of Administrative Resources during Electoral Processes (2016)

II - A. Principles (2. Political freedoms); II - A. Principles (4. Neutrality); II - A. Principles (5. Transparency); II - A. Principles (6. Equality of opportunity); II - B. Prevention of the misuse of administrative resources (1. Legal framework); II - B. Prevention of the misuse of administrative resources (4. Information and awareness raising); Paragraph 10; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 6;

Joint Report of the Venice Commission and of the Directorate of Information Society and Action Against Crime of the Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law - On Digital Technologies and Elections (2019)

KOSOVO - Kosovo - Opinion on the “draft law on amending and supplementing the Law no. 03/l-174 on the Financing of Political Entities (Amended and Supplemented by the Law no. 04/l-058 and the Law no. 04/l-122) and the Law no. 003/l-073 on General Elections (2018)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 18;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, The Draft Law on Elections to Local Governments and the Draft Law on the Formation of Election Commissions (2011)

Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 80;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC- Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Law (2014)

Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 88;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code and other Related Laws Concerning Ineligibility of Persons Connected to Political Parties Declared Unconstitutional (2023)

Paragraph 20; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 51;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Changes to the Electoral Code (2016)

Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Laws on Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2017)

Paragraph 68;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Legal Framework of Governing the Funding of Political Parties and Electoral Campaigns (2017)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60;

MOLDOVA – Urgent joint opinion on the draft Law no. 263 amending the Electoral Code, the Contravention Code and the Code of Audiovisual Media Services (2020)

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on Draft Legislation Pertaining to Financing Political Parties and Election Campaigns (2013)

Paragraph 4C (C); Paragraph 4D (D); Paragraph 4G (G);

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Working Text amending the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 4.36 (.36);

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2007)

Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82;

MOLDOVA- Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Election Law (2003)

Paragraph 106; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Law of the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit of the Election of the Governor of Gagauzia (2007)

Paragraph 53; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70;

MONTENEGRO - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of Members of Parliament and Councillors (2020)

Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70;

MONTENEGRO- Opinion on the Compatibility of the Existing Legislation Concerning the Organisation of Referendums with Applicable International Standards (2005)

Paragraph 12;

PERU-Opinion on the draft amendment of Article 99 of the Constitution concerning the impeachment of members of election management bodies (2025)

Section 120.; Section 99.;

Principles for a Fundamental Rights-Complaint use of Digital Technologies in Electoral Processes (2020)

Referendums in Europe - An Analysis of the Legal Rules in European States (2005)

Paragraph 219; Paragraph 220; Paragraph 221; Paragraph 222; Paragraph 85; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 88; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 92;

Report on Election Dispute Resolution (2020)

Paragraph 125; Paragraph 135; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 8;

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Paragraph 131; Paragraph 132; Paragraph 133; Paragraph 134; Paragraph 135; Paragraph 136; Paragraph 138; Paragraph 139; Paragraph 140; Paragraph 141; Paragraph 142; Paragraph 143; Paragraph 144; Paragraph 146; Paragraph 147; Paragraph 148; Paragraph 149; Paragraph 150; Paragraph 151; Paragraph 152; Paragraph 153; Paragraph 154; Paragraph 155; Paragraph 156; Paragraph 157; Paragraph 158; Paragraph 159; Paragraph 160; Paragraph 161; Paragraph 162; Paragraph 163; Paragraph 164; Paragraph 165; Paragraph 166; Paragraph 167; Paragraph 168; Paragraph 169; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 170; Paragraph 171; Paragraph 172; Paragraph 173; Paragraph 174; Paragraph 175; Paragraph 176; Paragraph 177; Paragraph 178; Paragraph 179; Paragraph 180; Paragraph 181; Paragraph 182; Paragraph 183; Paragraph 184; Paragraph 185; Paragraph 186; Paragraph 187; Paragraph 191; Paragraph 268; Paragraph 269; Paragraph 270;

Report on Term-Limits Part I - Presidents (2018)

Paragraph 76;

Report on the Compliance with Council of Europe and other International Standards of the Inclusion of a not Internationally Recognised Territory into a Nationwide Constituency for Parliamentary Elections (2019)

Paragraph 41; Paragraph 41;

Report on the Identification of Electoral Irregularities by Statistical Methods (2018)

Paragraph 35;

Report on the Identification of Electoral Irregularities by Statistical Methods (2018)

Paragraph 35;

Report on the Misuse of Administrative Resources during Electoral Processes (2013)

Paragraph 101; Paragraph 102; Paragraph 103; Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 106; Paragraph 107; Paragraph 109; Paragraph 110; Paragraph 112; Paragraph 114; Paragraph 117; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 130; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 9; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 97;

Report on the Recall of Mayors and Local Elected Representatives (2019)

Paragraph 116;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Code (2022)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 92;

Revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums (2022)

2.2 (a); 2.2 (7); 3.1 (11); 9; III (9);

RUSSIAN FEDERATION- Opinion on the Federal Law on the Election of the Deputies of the State Duma (2012)

Paragraph 4.8.90 (.8.90);

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

SERBIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Financing Political Activities (2010)

Paragraph 3iii.25 (iii.25);

SERBIA - Joint Opinion on the Revised Draft Law on Financing Political Activities (2011)

Paragraph 4;

SERBIA - Joint Recommendations on the Laws on Parliamentary, Presidential and Local Elections and Electoral Administration (2006)

Paragraph 13;

SERBIA - Urgent Opinion on the Draft Law on the Referendum and the People's Initiative (2021)

Paragraph 60;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code as Amended on 9 November 2015 (2016)

Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Pararaph 53;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 116; Paragraph 22;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2013)

Paragraph 4D.24 (D.24);

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Revised Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 3F.44 (F.44); Paragraph 3G.51 (G.51);

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Legislation and Related "Harmonisation Laws" Adopted in March and April 2018 (2018)

Paragraph 60;

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on the Amendmets to the Electoral Legislation by Law No. 7393 of 31 March 2022 (2022)

Paragraph 64;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Amendments to the Laws on Election of People's Deputies and on the Central Election Commission and on the Draft Law on Repeat Elections of Ukraine (2013)

Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 79;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law No. 3366 about Elections to the Parliament (2009)

Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2011)

Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 92;

UKRAINE - Opinion on the Draft Election Code of the Verkhovna Rada (2010)

Paragraph 3.11 (.11); Paragraph 3.16 (.16);

UKRAINE - Opinion on the Law on National Referendum (2013)

Paragraph 32;

UKRAINE - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law 3612 on Democracy Through All-Ukraine Referendum (2020)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 88;

UKRAINE- Opinion on the draft Law on election of people's deputies (Draft introducted by people's deputies S. Havrish, Y. Ioffe and H. Dashutin) (2003)

Paragraph 37;

UKRANIE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law Amending Certain Legislative Acts Which Restrict the Participation in the State Power of Persons Associated with Political Parties Whose Activities are Prohibited by Law (2023)

Paragraph 38; Paragraph 47;

Urgent Report on the cancellation of election results by Constitutional Courts (2025)

Section 34.; Section 51. ; Section 52. ; Section 53. ; Section 54. ; Section 55. ; Section 56. ; Section 57. ; Section 58. ; Section 72. ; Section 73. ; Section 74. ; Section 75. ; Section 76. ; Section 77. ; Section 78. ;

REPORT ON CONSTITUENCY DELINEATION AND SEAT ALLOCATION (2017)

Paragraph 37;

Report on the compatibility of remote voting and electronic voting with the standards of the Council of Europe (2004)

Paragraph 68;