While “information disorder” is a perennial feature of electoral campaigns, the digital environment has dramatically changed their reach if not their nature. Contrary to traditional media which operate within established legal frameworks, social media and digital platforms have introduced new dynamics, radically transforming the way political communication is spread. The possibility of reaching millions of users in real time, the extreme customisation of messages through profiling and micro-targeting, the algorithmic intermediation that decides what content is visible and with what priority, have made these platforms strategic players in the electoral process with effects of immediate and widespread impact, even potentially damaging. This has led to a transfer of the power of communication: from traditional editorial offices, subject to editorial responsibilities and ethical rules, to private global operators who, while profoundly affecting the democratic debate, often operate according to commercial logics and within variable transparency rules. The concentration of this influence capacity in the hands of a few private entities, often of a multinational dimension, can give rise to concerns about democratic accountability, as decisions on the removal, reporting or dissemination of certain content can directly affect the equality of political competition and citizens’ access to objective and diverse information.